[OLD] meiosis and mutation Flashcards

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1
Q

meiosis ???

A

duplicates
crossing over
move apart to separate cells
each cell moves apart to separate cells

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2
Q

what is a mutation?

A

a change in the nucleotide (DNA) base sequence

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3
Q

what is a base substitution?

A

the replacement of one nucleotide with another containing a different base

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4
Q

what do many mutations affect?

A

tertiary shape of a protein molecule so that it cannot function properly

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5
Q

why might a mutation have no effect?

A

it occurs in a non-coding region of the DNA

a different codon may produce the same amino acid (degenerate)

the altered amino acid may not affect the protein’s shape of function

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6
Q

how do mutations arise?

A

Spontaneously through DNA replication when a cell divides by mitosis or meiosis.

By mutagenic agents.

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7
Q

what is a mutagen?

A

anything which causes a mutation

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8
Q

what can a mutagenic agent do?

A

increase the rate of gene mutation

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9
Q

in higher organisms, mutagens are often what?

A

carcinogenic

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