Cells - Immunity: Key Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Pathogen

A

Any microorganism that causes disease

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2
Q

Immunity

A

The means by which the body protects itself from infection

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3
Q

Phagocyte

A

White blood cells that engulf microorganisms

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4
Q

Phagosome

A

The vessel that forms when the phagocyte engulfs a pathogen

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5
Q

Lysozymes

A

Hydrolytic enzymes that destroy ingested bacteria by hydrolysis of their cell wall

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6
Q

Antigen

A

Any part of an organism that is recognised as foreign and stimulates an immune response

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7
Q

B-lymphocytes

A

White blood cells that are associated with humoral immunity

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8
Q

T-lymphocytes

A

White blood cells that are associated with cell-mediated immunity

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9
Q

Antigen-presenting cells

A

Cells that display foreign antigens on their surface

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10
Q

Cell-mediated immunity

A

When T-lymphocytes respond to antigens that are presented on a body cell

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11
Q

Cytotoxic T-cells

A

Cells that produce perforin to create holes in the cell-surface membrane of abnormal cells and body cells that are infected by pathogens in order to kill them

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12
Q

Humoral immunity

A

Immunity that involves antibodies

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13
Q

Clonal selection

A

CHECK

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14
Q

Plasma cells

A

Cells that secrete specific antibodies that lead to the destruction of a specific pathogen

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15
Q

Memory cells

A

Cloned B-cells that circulate within the blood, ready for any future infection from the same pathogen

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16
Q

Antibodies

A

Proteins with specific binding sites synthesised by B-cells

17
Q

Antigen-antibody complex

A

The formation of an antibody with a specific binding site fitting precisely onto a specific antigen

18
Q

Variable region

A

The binding site of an antibody which is different for different antibodies

19
Q

Constant region

A

The parts of the antibody that is the same for all antibodies

20
Q

Monoclonal antibodies

A

A single type of antibody which is isolated and cloned outside of the body

21
Q

Antibiotic

A

A substance produced by living organisms that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria

22
Q

Antibiotic resistance

A

The development in microorganisms of mechanisms that prevent antibiotics from killing them

23
Q

Herd immunity

A

When a sufficiently large proportion of the population has been vaccinated to make it difficult for the pathogen to spread within that population

24
Q

Antigenic variability

A

When a pathogen mutates frequently so vaccines suddenly become ineffective

25
Q

Vaccination

A

The introduction of a vaccine containing appropriate disease antigens into the body

26
Q

Retroviruses

A

The group of viruses that HIV belongs to

27
Q

ELISA test

A

A test used to detect HIV and other diseases, allergens and drugs