Exchange - Exchange: Key Terms Flashcards
Tracheae
The network of internal tubes within an insect, used for gas exchange
Tracheoles
Dead end tubes that the tracheae divide into
Gill filmanets
Filaments that are stacked to form the gills
Gill lamellae
Sections of the gills that are at right angles to gill filaments, increasing the surface area of the gills
Stomata
Minute pores which occur mainly on leaves
Guard cells
Cells that can open and close the stomatal pore
Ventilation/breathing
The process by which air is constantly moved in and out of the lungs
Inspiration
When the air pressure of the atmosphere is greater than the air pressure inside the lungs, so air is forced in the lungs
Expiration
When the air pressure in the lungs is greater than that of the atmosphere, air is forced out of the lungs
Oesophagus
Carries food from the mouth to the stomach
Stomach
Muscular sac with an inner layer that produces enzymes. Role is to store and digest food
Ileum
A long muscular tube. Food is further digested in the ileum by enzymes that are produced in its walls
Large intestine
Absorbs water
Rectum
Where the faeces are stored.
Salilvary glands
Situated near the mouth and secrete amylase
Pancreas
Large gland situated below the stomach. It produces a secretion called pancreatic juice
Carbohydrases
Enzymes that hydrolyse carbohydrates into monosaccharides
LIpases
Enzymes that hydrolyse lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
Proteases/peptidases
Enzymes that hydrolyse proteins into amino acids
Exopeptidase
Enzymes that hydrolyse peptide bonds on the terminal amino acids of the peptide molecules
Endopeptidase
Enzymes that hydrolyse peptide bonds between amino acids in the central region of proteins forming a series of peptide molecules
Dipeptidase
Enzymes that hydrolyse the bond between two amino acids of a dipeptide. Dipeptidase is membrane bound, part of the cell-surface membrane of epithelial cells
Micelles
Tiny lipid droplets
Chylomicrons
Structures that form when triglycerides associated with cholesterol and lipoproteins
Lacteals
Lymphatic capillaries that are found at the centre of each villus