Cells - Cell structure: Key Terms

Question 1

Resolution

Answer 1

The minimum distance apart that two objects can be in order for them to appear as separate items.

Question 2

Homogenate

Answer 2

The fluid that results from homogenation.

Question 3

Photomicrograph

Answer 3

The image that is produced from a transmission electron microscope.

Question 4

Eyepiece graticule

Answer 4

A glass disk that is placed in the eyepiece of a microscope. A scale is etched on the glass disk.

Question 5

Stage micrometer

Answer 5

A microscope slide that has a scale etched onto it.

Question 6

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 6

Cells that have a distinct nucleus and possess membrane-bound organelles.

Question 7

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 7

Cells that have no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles.

Question 8

Nuclear envelope

Answer 8

A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.

Question 9

Nuclear pores

Answer 9

Pores which allow the passage of large molecules out of the nucleus.

Question 10

Nucleoplasm

Answer 10

Granular, jelly-like material that makes up the bulk of the nucleus.

Question 11

Nucleolus

Answer 11

A small spherical region within the nucleoplasm that manufactures ribosomal RNA and assembles the ribosomes

Question 12

Cristae

Answer 12

Extensions of the inner membrane in mitochondria and provides a large surface area for the attachment of enzymes/proteins.

Question 13

Matrix

Answer 13

The remainder of mitochondria, containing protein, lipids, ribosomes and DNA. This allows mitochondria to produce some of their own proteins.

Question 14

Chloroplast envelope

Answer 14

Double plasma membrane that surrounds the organelle.

Question 15

Grana

Answer 15

Stacks of thylakoids in chloroplasts.

Question 16

Thylakoids

Answer 16

In stacks of grana, contains the pigment chlorophyll

Question 17

Chlorophyll

Answer 17

The photosynthetic pigment in thylakoids.

Question 18

Stroma

Answer 18

Fluid-filled matrix in chloroplasts, where the second stage of photosynthesis takes place.

Question 19

Cisternae

Answer 19

Flattened sacs that golgi apparatus are made of.

Question 20

Tissue

Answer 20

A collection of similar cells that perform a specific function.

Question 21

Epithelial cells

Answer 21

Cells that line the surfaces of organs and often have protective or secretory functions.

Question 22

Organs

Answer 22

Aggregation of several tissues that perform a specific role.

Question 23

Cell wall

Answer 23

A physical barrier surrounding plant cells and bacteria.

Question 24

Capsule

Answer 24

A mucilaginous layer of slime, covering bacteria.

Question 25

Plasmids

Answer 25

Small circular pieces of DNA, in bacteria.

Question 26

Capsid

Answer 26

A protein coat, that coats the nucleic acid of a virus.

Question 27

Attachment proteins

Answer 27

Essential to allow the virus to identify and attack to a host cell.

Question 28

Mitosis

Answer 28

The division of a cell that results in each of the daughter cells having an exact copy of the DNA of the parents cell.

Question 29

Interphase

Answer 29

The period when a cell is not dividing, but DNA is replicated and cell carries out its functions.

Question 30

Prophase

Answer 30

When the chromosomes first become visible and the spindle fibres develop.

Question 31

Metaphase

Answer 31

When the individual chromatids line up at the equator of the cell.

Question 32

Anaphase

Answer 32

When the spindle fibres pull the individual chromatids apart to opposite poles of the cell.

Question 33

Telophase

Answer 33

When the chromosomes reach their respective poles and they become longer and thinner until they disappear.

Question 34

Cytokinesis

Answer 34

When the cytoplasm divides and two identical daughter cells are formed.

Question 35

Binary fission

Answer 35

The process by which cells divide in prokaryotic cells.