Genetics and Variation - DNA, genes and protein synthesis: Key Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Gene

A

Section of DNA on a chromosome coding for one or more polypeptides

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2
Q

Locus

A

A section of DNA that is located at a particular position

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3
Q

Degenerate

A

Most amino acids are coded for by more than one triplet

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4
Q

Non-overlapping

A

Each base is only included in one triplet code, each base in the sequence is only read once.

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5
Q

Universal

A

Each triplet codes for the same amino acid in all organisms

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6
Q

Exons

A

Coding sequences

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7
Q

Introns

A

Non-coding sequences

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8
Q

Histones

A

The protein that eukaryotic DNA associates with in chromosomes

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9
Q

Chromosomes

A

A thread-like structure made of protein and DNA by which hereditary information is physically passed from one generation to the next

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10
Q

Chromatids

A

One of the two strands of a chromosome that are joined together by a single centromere.

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11
Q

Homologous pairs

A

A pair of chromosomes that have the same gene loci and therefore determine the same features

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12
Q

Diploid number

A

A term applied to cells in which the nucleus contains two sets of chromosomes

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13
Q

Haploid number

A

A term referring to cells that contain only a single copy of each chromosome

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14
Q

Allele

A

One of a number of forms of a gene

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15
Q

mRNA

A

The type of RNA that transfers the DNA code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, acts as a type of messenger.

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16
Q

Genome

A

The complete set of all genes in a cell

17
Q

Proetome

A

The full range of proteins produced by the genome

18
Q

Codon

A

The sequence of three bases on mRNA that codes for a single amino acid

19
Q

Anticodon

A

A sequence of three bases on tRNA

20
Q

Transcription

A

The process where pre-mRNA is synthesised from DNA

21
Q

Translation

A

The process where mRNA is used as a template to form a polypeptide

22
Q

Template strand

A

A stand of DNA which acts as a template for pre-mRNA synthesis

23
Q

Splicing

A

The process where introns are removed from pre-mRNA to form mRNA