Cells - Cell Structure: Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What organelles do prokaryotic cells have?

A
cytoplasm
flagellum
cell-surface membrane
cell wall
circular DNA
plasmids
capsule
ribosomes
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2
Q

How do prokaryotes replicate?

A

Binary fission

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3
Q

Describe the process of binary fission.

A

1) circular DNA and plasmids replicate
2) cell gets bigger and DNA loops move to opposite poles of cell
3) cytoplasm starts to divide and a new cell wall begins to form
4) cytoplasm divides and two daughter cells are produced

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4
Q

What are prokaryotic cells?

A

Cells with no nucleus or nuclear membrane.

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5
Q

What form is DNA in in prokaryotic cells?

A

DNA floats free in the cytoplasm as one long, coiled up strand, not attached to any histone proteins.

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6
Q

What is a prokaryotes cell wall made of?

A

Muerin - a glycoprotein

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7
Q

What is the function of the cell wall in prokaryotes?

A

Supports the cell and prevents it from changing shape.

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8
Q

What does the cytoplasm contain in prokaryotes?

A

Enzymes and other soluble materials.

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9
Q

What is a capsule?

A

A mucilaginous layer of secreted slime for protection.

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10
Q

What is a flagellum?

A

A long hair-like structure used for locomotion by rotating.

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11
Q

What are plasmids?

A

Small loops of DNA that can reproduce independently.

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12
Q

What kind of genes may plasmids contain?

A

Genes for antibiotic resistance.

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13
Q

What are plasmids used for in genetic engineering?

A

Vectors

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14
Q

Why are bacteria successful?

A

Small
Short cell cycle
High mutation rate

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15
Q

What do bacteria store food reserves as?

A

Glycogen granules and oil droplets.

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16
Q

During binary fission, how many times does the circular DNA replicate?

A

Once

17
Q

During binary fission, how many times to plasmids replicate?

A

Multiple times

18
Q

At the end of binary fission, how many copies of circular DNA are there in each daughter cell?

A

One

19
Q

At the end of binary fission, how many plasmids are there in each daughter cell?

A

Variable numbers.