[OLD] Genetics and Variation - Protein Synthesis Flashcards
STEP 1
DNA helicase causes the double helix to unwind.
STEP 2
Free RNA nucleotides bind with their complimentary base pairs
STEP 3
RNA polymerase binds to the DNA and starts to move along the template strand
STEP 4
A strand of pre-mRNA is formed
STEP 5
The pre-mRNA is spliced to remove the introns
STEP 6
The mRNA contains the expansion and is capped with a nucleotide so it will be recognised by the ribosomes
STEP 7
the mRNA travels out of the nucleus via a nuclear pore
What is transcription?
The production of mRNA from DNA
What is a genome?
All the coding and non coding genetic material of an organism
What is a proteome?
The entire set of proteins expressed by a genome, cell, tissue or organism at a certain time
What is an intron?
Non coding DNA
What is repetitive DNA?
Small repeats scattered throughout the DNA between genes
Minisatellites
Longer repeats found at the end of chromosomes
What is a promoter sequence?
A length of DNA that contains information which controls when and where a gene is switched on
Why is DNS longer than mRNA?
DNA contains introns and exons, mRNA contains only exons
2 differences between the structures of mRNA and tRNA
tRNA is shorter than mRNA
mRNA doesn’t contain hydrogen bonds
What is the difference between pre-mRNA and mRNA?
pre-mRNA contains introns and exons, mRNA only contains exons
In translation, what does the ribosome read and what do they assemble?
The base sequence of mRNA, assembling a sequence of amino acids
In translation, what forms between the amino acids?
Peptide bonds, creating a polypeptide
In translation, how many bases are read at once?
3
What is a codon?
A set of 3 mRNA bases
What is a triplet?
A complementary codon, in the DNA from which the mRNA was transcribed
What is an anticodon?
The sequence of bases on the tRNA molecule that pairs with a codon
