October 5, 2015 - SG - Neutropenia & Immune Function Flashcards
Piperacillin / Tazobactam
Some heavy duty antibiotics. Must be administered IV.
Piperacillin is a extended-spectrum penicillin, and tazobactam is a B-lactamase inhibitor.
The combination has activity against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Ciprofloxacin
Gram negative coverage.
DNA inhibitor.
VINDICATE
Vascular
Infection
Neoplasm/infiltrate
Drug
Inflammation
Congenital
Autoimmune
Trauma
Endocrine
Play Table Tennis
Play table tennis INSIDE
Therefore INTRINSIC pathway
Play Tennis
Play tennis OUTSIDE
Therefore EXTRINSIC pathway
Elevated INR/PTT with Infection
May indicate DIC.
Tissue factor is released into the blood and causes clots to form everywhere. This uses up everything (platelets and factors) and causes oozing.
Auer Rods
Red staining, needle-like bodies that can be seen in the cytoplasm of myeloblasts in certain leukemias, particular AML.
Bone Marrow Biopsy and Leukemia
A bone marrow biopsy must be performed. This will differentiate between AML and ALL, as well as determine the cytogenetics of the particular cancer. This is done by flow cytometry and is imperitive as it has big indications on which treatment the patient is going to receive and their likely prognosis.
AML vs ALL
AML
More common in adults
Auer rods
ALL
More common in children
Often has bony pain
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)
Is the most commonly diagnosed primary immunodeficiency. It is characterized by low antibody levels and recurrent infections.
Main features are hypogammoglobinemia, as well as often hypoalphaglobinemia. Most frequently, the bacteria that cause infection are Haemophilus infleizae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureas (encapsulated organisms).
Treatment is usually IVIG, SCIG, or IMIG.
Treatment of CVID
IVIG / SCIG / IMIG
Prophylactic antibiotics
