Nouns Flashcards
What are the endings for 1st declension nouns?
- a
- am
- ae
- ae
- a (long)
- ae
- as
- arum
- is
- is
What are the endings for 2nd declension masculine nouns?
- us
- us
- i
- o
- o
- i
- os
- orum
- is
- is
What are the endings for 2nd declension neuter nouns?
- um
- um
- i
- o
- o
- a
- a
- orum
- is
- is
What is the singular vocative ending for 2nd declension masculine nouns? Why is this important?
- e
- Second declension nouns ending us are the only ones with a vocative singular different from the nominative
What gender are 1st declension nouns?
- Mostly feminine, except some masculine denoting male jobs or roles (e.g agricola, poeta or nauta)
- No neuter first declension nouns
Which two 1st declension nouns have different ablative and dative plurals? What are these plurals? Why do they exist?
- dea and filia become deabus and filiabus
- to distinguish them from the male equivalent
What is the irregular vocative of filius?
- filii
Which 2nd declension nouns are feminine?
- humus (ground, earth) and some names of trees (e.g laurus)
the noun deus often has contracted forms. What are they?
- nom pl = di
- gen pl = deum (only distinguishable from acc sg through context)
- dat/abl pl = dis
What happens when a 2nd declension masculine noun ends in r or er?
- When it ends in r, it acts as if the us has disappeared e.g vir, virum, puer, puerum and so forth
- Most others ending in er drop the e in other cases e.g ager, agrum, liber, librum, magister, magistrum
What are the endings for 3rd declension masculine/feminine nouns?
- wide variety of nom sg
- em
- is
- i
- e
- es
- es
- um or ium
- ibus
- ibus
What are the endings for 3rd declension neuter nouns?
- wide variety of nom sg
- same as nom sg
- is
- i
- e
- a
- a
- um or ium
- ibus
- ibus
How do you find the stem of a third declension noun?
- The genitive singular
What are the two possible endings for 3rd declension nouns in the genitive plural?
- um and ium
How do you know which genitive plural ending a 3rd declension noun will take?
- The genitive plural is usually a syllable longer than the nominative singular.
- um is the ending if the genitive singular is a syllable longer than the nominative (as it usually is)
- ium is the ending if the genitive singular is not longer than the nominative (like navis, navis)
What are the exceptions to the um/ium rule?
- monosyllabic nouns ending in two consonants increase twice:
e.g. urbs - urbis - urbium (also fons, gens, mens, mons, nox, pons - but NOT rex) - a few nouns expected to increase in the genitive plural do not: canis, frater, iuvenis, mater, pater, sedes and senex
What is irregular about the noun mare?
- It has the ablative mari and nom/acc plural maria
What are two important irregular/defective 3rd declension nouns? Why are they defective?
- bos, bovis
- vis, no gen
- they have bits missing
Decline the noun bos, bovis
- bos
- bovem
- bovis
- bovi
- bove
- boves
- boves
- boum
- bubus (or bobus)
- bubus (or bobus)
Decline the noun vis, (no genitive singular)
- vis
- vim
- no gen sg
- no dat sg
- vi
- vires
- vires
- virium
- viribus
- viribus
What are the endings for masculine/feminine 4th declension nouns?
- us
- um
- us
- ui
- u
- us
- us
- uum
- ibus
- ibus
What are the endings for neuter 4th declension nouns?
- u
- u
- us
- u
- u
- ua
- ua
- uum
- ibus
- ibus
What gender will you never find in the 5th declension?
- Neuter
What are the endings for 5th declension nouns?
- es
- em
- ei
- ei
- e
- es
- es
- erum
- ebus
- ebus
What is strange about manus?
(I don’t understand what the answer means)
- If the word is accusative, it must also be plural
What is notable about the 4th declension noun domus?
- it has ablative singular domo, usually accusative plural domos and locative form domi
- also the accusative form domum is used without a preposition and with verbs of motion for home/homewards
What is notable about the 5th declension noun dies?
- It is usually masculine, but can be feminine in the singular if it refers to a special day
