New Gender Identities

Question 1

What do postmodernists believe?

Answer 1

• there are now a range of feminine and masculine identities including traditional and less traditional
• people can choose who to behave in a postmodern world

Question 2

What are pronouns?

Answer 2

Words which stand in for a name

Question 3

What are the new masculine identities that Connell found?

Answer 3

Hegemonic, complicit, subordinate, marginalised

Question 4

What is hegemonic masculinity?

Answer 4

• traditional form of masculinity within any society
• eg. Traditional heterosexual masculinity tends to be dominant

Question 5

What is complicit masculinity?

Answer 5

• men who believe that men and women should share roles within families
• eg. The new man studied by mort

Question 6

What is marginalised masculinity?

Answer 6

• a masculine identity held y those men who did traditionally masculine jobs and now feel their masculinity is under threat as many of those jobs have been lost
• eg. Mac an Ghails study on the crisis of masculinity

Question 7

What did Tony Sewell suggest?

Answer 7

• hyper masculinity is displayed by black Caribbean males
• due to being from matriarchal backgrounds where they lack positive black male role models

Question 8

What is hyper masculinity?

Answer 8

Exaggerated version of hegemonic traditional masculinity

Question 9

What is another way the media any create and reinforce gender identities?

Answer 9

Through role models who present new gender norms

Question 10

What is the new man (Mort)?

Answer 10

• consumption patterns of men in the 80s changed due to media portrayal of men
• rise in men’s fashion magazines, toiletries, increase in designer labels for men
• men were sexualised in the media for the first time

Question 11

What did Nixon state?

Answer 11

• origins of the new man rocks back to the 1985 Levi’s laundrette advert
• the advert presented the notion that it could be cool for a man to spend time, money and effort on their appearance

Question 12

What did Lincoln find about McRobbies bedroom culture?

Answer 12

• less private as outside world was let in through internet and boyfriends were allowed in

Question 13

What study did sharpe carry out?

Answer 13

A longitudinal study into girls attitudes towards education, work and marriage

Question 14

What did Sharpe find?

Answer 14

• In 1970s, girls priorities were love, marriage, husbands and children
• In 1990s, girls priorities changed to jobs, careers and being able to support themselves

Question 15

What did Jackson find and argue?

Answer 15

• masculine and feminine identities are socially constructed
• sanctions such as criticism may be applied to those who don’t conform to traditional gender identities
• Ladettes