Gender In Education And The Workplace

Question 1

What is one way education may create and reinforce gender identities?

Answer 1

Through boys and girls being labelled differently by teachers and forming appropriate subcultures

Question 2

What did Mitsos and Browne suggest?

Answer 2

Teachers tend to be less strict with boys giving them more leeway and allowing them to underachieve by failing to push to their potential

Question 3

What are teachers more likely to label boys as?

Answer 3

Disruptive

Question 4

What are culture are boys most likely to have?

Answer 4

Culture of masculinity

Question 5

What does the culture of masculinity not value?

Answer 5

Educational achievement

Question 6

What did Willis research?

Answer 6

• Lads end up in manual labour jobs
• formed anti-school subculture based on ‘having a laff’
• subculture matched that of men working in the factories on the shop floor

Question 7

What is ethnographic research?

Answer 7

• immersive, getting involved with the group being researched to fully understand and maintain empathy

Question 8

What is ethnographic research high in?

Answer 8

Validity

Question 9

What type of approach is an ethnographic research?

Answer 9

Interpretivist approach

Question 10

What are some criticisms about Willis research?

Answer 10

• time consuming
• difficult to repeat research

Question 11

What is another way education may create and reinforce gender identities?

Answer 11

Through the hidden curriculum

Question 12

What is the hidden curriculum?

Answer 12

• Things that are taught and learnt in school that aren’t part of the national curriculum
• eg. Punctuality, hard work, stereotypes

Question 13

What is the national curriculum?

Answer 13

• core subjects and topics that all students in state controlled schools must follow
• eg. English, maths, ICT

Question 14

What does Skelton argue?

Answer 14

Hidden curriculum is responsible for perpetuating gender differences in subject choices

Question 15

What do feminists argue?

Answer 15

Hidden curriculum is patriarchal

Question 16

How is the curriculum and the organisation of school dominated by men?

Answer 16

• learning about history of men and male achievements
• focus on literature by men
• boys dominate in classroom and receive more focus from teachers
• girls encouraged to take subjects that don’t lead them to highly paid jobs

Question 17

What does Kelly suggest?

Answer 17

• there are 2 reasons why science is seen as a masculine subject
• packaged as boys subject with textbooks containing pictures of boys and d examples that would interest boys
• boys dominate classrooms by shouting out answers and grabbing equipment first
• invisible women

Question 18

What does Colley argue?

Answer 18

• school subject choices are affected by 3 things
• perception of gender roles, subject preferences, learning environment

Question 19

How does perception of gender roles affect subject choices?

Answer 19

Depends on the extent to which they have been socialised into typically masculine or feminine identity

Question 20

How does subject preferences affect subject choices?

Answer 20

• Based on the type of tasks and activities required in the subject
• eg. Girls put off ICT due to dominance of independent work but attracted to sociology due to more opportunities of discussion

Question 21

How does learning environment affect subject choices?

Answer 21

Influenced by whether or not the school is single sex or mixed

Question 22

What is one way the workplace may create and reinforce gender identities?

Answer 22

Through the workplace being the dominant source of identity for masculine identity

Question 23

What did Willis find?

Answer 23

• for both boys and their father, their jobs were a key source of identity
• defined themselves as manual workers
• adapted to laddish culture in work and school

Question 24

What did Mac an Ghail find?

Answer 24

• working class men face a crisis of masculinity
• lost their traditional jobs and are unprepared for other jobs
• Workplace becomes feminised

Question 25

What is horizontal segregation?

Answer 25

• Where workforce of a specific industry or sector is mostly made up of one particular gender
• eg. Men make up majority of construction industry

Question 26

What is vertical segregation?

Answer 26

• opportunities of career progression for a particular gender within a company or sector are limited
• eg. Gender pay gap

Question 27

What did Adkin’s look at?

Answer 27

Employers at theme parks

Question 28

What did Adkin’s find?

Answer 28

• male and female staff were given different roles
• attractive female staff were made to work in bars whereas males given jobs as fairground ride operators