Neuroanatomy 3 SDL: Forebrain, Ventricles and CSF Flashcards
What is the forebrain/cerebrum made up of?
Cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon
Which are the four components of the diencephalon? Which two of those are the major components of the diencephalon?
- Thalamus (major)
- Hypothalamus (major)
- Epithalamus
- Subthalamus
Identify structures A-L
A: thalamus
B: hypothalamus
C: mamillary body
D: infundibulum/pituitary gland?
E: ?
F: ?
G: corpus callosum
H: septum pellucidum
I: anterior commissure
J: intermediate mass (thalamus)
K: fornix
L: pineal gland
Note the proximity of the pituitary to the optic chiasma. How might a patient with a tumour of the pituitary gland present? (i.e. what symptoms might an individual develop?)
Can cause compression of optic chiasma –> results in bitemporal hemianopia/tunnel vision. This is impaired peripheral vision in outer temporal halves of visual field of each eye (i.e. partial blindness affecting lateral halves of vision due to compression/lesions of optic chiasm)
Is the cerebral cortex made up of grey or white matter?
Consists of columns of gray matter neurons, with white matter located underneath.
What is meant by the terms sulci and gyri?
Sulci; grooves
Gyri; folds
Describe the lateral surface of the frontal lobe (gyri and sulci)
- Precentral gyrus
- Located immediately in front of the central sulcus.
- Superior, middle and inferior gyri
- Broad, parallel gyri that extend anteriorly from the precentral gyrus.
Describe the medial surface of the frontal lobe
The precentral and superior frontal gyri extend over onto the medial surface of the frontal lobe, which is completed by a portion of the cingulate gyrus.
Describe the inferior/orbital surface of the frontal lobe?
made up of a series of (mostly un-named) orbital gyri.
Describe the gyri found on the parietal lobe
- Postcentral gyrus extends over onto the medial surface of the parietal lobe
- Another portion of the cingulate gyrus forms an additional part of the medial surface of the parietal lobe
Describe the landmarks of the occipital lobe
- The occipital lobe has no gyri with commonly used names.
- Its medial surface is bisected by the calcarine sulcus.
- The primary visual cortex surrounds the calcarine sulcus and extends to the tip of the occipital pole.
Describe the landmarks of the temporal lobe
The temporal lobe is covered by five long parallel gyri:
- The superior, middle and inferior temporal gyri are on the lateral surface.
- The primary auditory cortex can be found in the superior temporal lobe.
- The medial edge of the temporal lobe is flanked by the parahippocampal gyrus, which at its anterior end folds back on itself to form a bump called the uncus.
- The parahippocampal gyrus is so-called because it is continuous with a cortical region called the hippocampus, which is rolled inside the temporal lobe, so it is visible mainly in sections.
Where is the primary auditory cortex located?
in the superior temporal lobe
What forms the limbic lobe?
The limbic lobe is formed by the cingulate gyrus and the parahippocampal gyrus and can only be appreciated in the medial surface of the brain.
Label the diagram below of the lateral surface of the hemispheres. Also indicate the approximate positions of the primary motor, somatosensory, visual and auditory cortices.
Label the diagrams below of the medial surface of the hemispheres