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Yr 2 - Control > Development of CNS > Flashcards

Development of CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical terminology

A
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2
Q

What is the sagittal plane?

A

Divides body into right and left half

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3
Q

What is the coronal plane?

A

Divides body into anterior and posterior

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4
Q

What does ‘rostral’ mean?

A

Towards head (nose)

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5
Q

What does ‘caudal’ mean?

A

Anything towards tail (feet)

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6
Q

What is the cephalic flexure?

A

the first flexure or bend that forms between the midbrain and hindbrain (bend in CNS)

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7
Q

Different terminology due to bend in CNS

A
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8
Q

Explanation of different terminology due to bend in CNS

A
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9
Q

Why can ‘superior’ also be referred to as ‘dorsal’ regarding the forebrain?

A

Due to this part arising from the dorsal aspect

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10
Q

When referring to the forebrain, what is the ‘superior’ aspect the same as?

A

The dorsal surface

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11
Q

When referring to the forebrain, what is the ‘caudal’ aspect the same as?

A

The posterior surface

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12
Q

When referring to the forebrain, what is the ‘rostral’ aspect the same as?

A

Anterior surface

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13
Q

When referring to the forebrain, what is the ‘ventral’ aspect the same as?

A

Inferior surface

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14
Q

When does the nervous system start to develop?

A

In the 3rd week of development

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15
Q

At the end of week two, what appears as a groove in the epiblast layer of the bilaminar disk?

A

The primitive streak

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16
Q

Cells within the epiblast migrate downward through the primitive streak, giving rise to what three layers?

A
  1. Endoderm
  2. Mesoderm
  3. Ectoderm
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17
Q

What do these 3 germ layers form?

A

The trilaminar embryonic disk

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18
Q

What layer is the nervous system derived from?

A

The ectoderm (outermost layer)

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19
Q

In the third week of development, the notochord appears in the mesoderm. What does the notochord secrete? What is the effect of this?

A

The notochord secretes growth factors which stimulate the differentiation of the overlying ectoderm into neuroectoderm – forming a thickened structure known as the neural plate.

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20
Q

What then happens to the lateral edges of the neural plate?

A

They rise to form neural folds

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21
Q

What happens to the neural folds?

A

he neural folds move towards each other and meet in the midline, fusing to form the neural tube (precusor to the brain and spinal cord).

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22
Q

During fusion of the neural folds, some cells within the folds migrate to form a distinct cell population. What is this called?

A

Neural crest

23
Q

What does the neural crest give rise to?

A

They give rise to a diverse cell lineage – including melanocytes, craniofacial cartilage and bone, smooth muscle, peripheral and enteric neurons and glia

24
Q

What is this formation of neural tube known as?

A

Neurulation

25
Q

When is neurulation achieved by?

A

End of 4th week of development

26
Q

What is the development of the neural plate (thickening of overlying ectoderm) induced by?

A

Notochord

27
Q

What is the precursor for the spinal cord and brain (CNS)?

A

Neural tube (this is a closed structure)

28
Q

At what end does the neural tube begin to bend?

A

At the rostral end

29
Q

In the fifth week of development, what appears at the cranial end of the neural tube? What will these develop into?

A

3 swellings/vesicles - will develop into brain

30
Q

What are these 3 vesicles called?

A
  1. Prosencephalon
  2. Mesencephalon
  3. Rhombencephalon
31
Q

What is the prosencephalon also known as?

A

Forebrain

32
Q

What is the mesencephalon also known as?

A

Midbrain

33
Q

What is the rhombencephalon also known as?

A

Hindbrain

34
Q

What will everything caudal to the rhombencephalon become?

A

The spinal cord

35
Q

Is the neural tube hollow?

A

Yes (like kitchen roll)

36
Q

What fluid is found inside the neural tube?

A

Cerebral spinal fluid

37
Q

What do these 3 vesicles then develop into?

A

5 secondary vesicles

38
Q

What are the 5 secondary vesicles called?

A
  1. Telencephalon
  2. Diencephalon
  3. Mesencephalon
  4. Metencephalon
  5. Myelencephalon
39
Q

What secondary vesicles does the prosencephalon give rise to?

A
  1. Telencephalon
  2. Diencephalon
40
Q

What does the telencephalon then give rise to in the mature brain?

A

Cerebral hemispheres

41
Q

What does the diencephalon then give rise to in the mature brain?

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

42
Q

What secondary vesicles does the mesencephalon give rise to?

A

Continues as the mesencephalon

43
Q

What will the mesencephalon then give rise to in the mature brain?

A

Midbrain

44
Q

What 2ary vesicles does the rhombencephalon give rise to?

A
  1. Metencephalon
  2. Myelencephalon
45
Q

What will the metencephalon give rise to in the mature brain?

A

Pons and cerebellum

46
Q

What will the myelencephalon give rise to in the mature brain?

A

Medulla

47
Q

What happens to the lumen of the neural tube after the 5 2ary vesicles?

A

It remains - beginnings of ventricular system and central canal

48
Q

Fill in the blanks

A
49
Q

What do each of the 5 swellings at the rostral end form?

A

A subdivision of adult brain

50
Q

The cavity of the neural tube persists in different degrees of expansion throughout the tube:

  1. Ventricles
  2. Connecting channels
  3. Vestigial

What are each of these?

A
  1. Ventricles - expanded cavities within the brain
  2. Connecting channels - link ventricles
  3. Vestigial - central canal of spinal cord
51
Q

What is the central canal of the spinal cord called?

A

Vestigial

52
Q

How many are the subdivisions of the CNS are there?

A

7: Hemispheres, diencephalon, midbrain, medulla, pons, cerebellum and spinal cord

53
Q
A

Yr 2 - Control (71 decks)

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