Control Week 6 MCQs Flashcards

1
Q

Of the 4 labelled curvatures of the vertebral column, which two are lordoses?

A

A, C

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2
Q

Which of the following movements can occur at the vertebral column? (Select ALL that apply)

Extension

Flexion

Lateral flexion

Rotation

A

Extension

Flexion

Lateral flexion

Rotation

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3
Q

Which region of the vertebral column is the most flexible?

Cervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

Sacral

A

cervical

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4
Q

Identify the region of the vertebra labelled C.

A

pedicle

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5
Q

Identify region F

A

lamina

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6
Q

The articulation between C1 and C2: (Select ALL that apply)

involves three joints

is supported the transverse ligament of the axis (C2)

allows pivoting of the head

can be examined on plain X-rays by an “open mouth” view

A

involves three joints

allows pivoting of the head

can be examined on plain X-rays by an “open mouth” view

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7
Q

Identify ligament A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Ligamentum flavum

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Interspinous ligament

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

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8
Q

If a vertebra has a heart-shaped body and a round vertebral foramen, its spinous process would be:

long and orientated postero-inferiorly

bifid and orientated horizontally

short and thick, and orientated horizontally

A

long and orientated postero-inferiorly

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9
Q

This is a cross section at the level of the L3 IV disc.

What would you expect to find in the region indicated by the black arrow?

Spinal cord segment L3

Spinal cord segment L4

Sacral spinal cord

Spinal nerves

A

SPINAL NERVES - In adults, the spinal cord typically ends at the level of L1-L2 (although in some individuals it may extend a little further). Therefore the vertebral canal at the level of L3 would typically be expected to contain spinal nerves, and not cord.

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10
Q

Intervertebral discs:

limit the flexibility of the vertebral column

stabilise the vertebral column

have a central annulus fibrosus

rarely cause clinical problems

A

stabilise the vertebral column

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11
Q

Identify this vertebra.

A

C1

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12
Q

The vertebral artery does not pass through the transverse foramina of which vertebra?

C1

C2

C6

C7

A

C7

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13
Q

All of the following statements regarding ‘wedge’ fractures of the vertebral bodies are correct EXCEPT that:

the posterior part of the affected vertebral body loses height

they are most common in post-menopausal women

they may result in an excessive thoracic kyphosis

they often occur secondary to osteoporosis

A

the posterior part of the affected vertebral body loses height

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14
Q

Which one of the following spinal nerves is indicated by the arrow?

A

L5

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15
Q

The region labelled C articulates with:

A

occiput

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16
Q

Identify muscle A.

Erector spinae

Latissimus dorsi

Psoas major

Quadratus lumborum

A

erector spinae

17
Q

Identify feature E.

A

Posterior arch - The posterior arch (E) is longer than the anterior arch (D).

18
Q

Identify this vertebra.

A

C2

19
Q

The foramen indicated by the letter C transmits the:

Common carotid artery

C1 spinal nerve

C2 spinal nerve

Vertebral artery

A

Vertebral artery

20
Q

The regions labelled B articulate with:

C2

C3

the atlas

the occiput

A

atlas

21
Q

Regarding this bone, which one of the following statements is correct?

It is formed by the fusion of the 3 sacral vertebrae

The sacral spinal cord lies in its spinal canal

The region labelled A articulates with the ishium

Region A articulates superiorly with L5

A

Region A articulates superiorly with L5

22
Q

Regarding the IV disc, which of the following statements are correct? (Select ALL that apply)

The central part is the annulus fibrosus

They limit the flexibility of the vertebral column

They dehydrate as we age

Posterior herniation is a common problem

A

They dehydrate as we age

Posterior herniation is a common problem

23
Q

Posterior herniation of the intervertebral discs is resisted by which one of the following ligaments?

Anterior longitudinal

Interspinous

Ligamentum flavum

Posterior longitudinal

A

Posterior longitudinal

24
Q

Erector spinae acts on the vertebral column as:

an extensor

a flexor

a rotator

A

an extensor

25
Q

This image shows fracture and posterior movement of which cervical vertebra?

C3

C4

C5

C6

A

C5

The key here is to identify the dens (the modified vertebral body) of C2. The injured vertebra is the 3rd below C2, hence is C5.

26
Q

In which regions of the vertebral column are kyphoses found? (Select ALL that apply)

Cervical spine

Lumbar spine

Thoracic spine

Sacral spine

A

Thoracic spine

Sacral spine

27
Q

Examine the image below. Which ligament is most likely to be injured?

Anterior longitudinal

Interspinous

Ligamentum flavum

Posterior longitudinal

A

Anterior longitudinal

28
Q

Which ligament of the vertebral column is the only one that resists hyperextension?

Anterior longitudinal

Interspinous

Supraspinous

Posterior longitudinal

A

Anterior longitudinal

29
Q

This X-ray shows a compression (‘wedge’) fracture of

T11

T12

L1

L2

L3

A

L2

30
Q

C-spine immoblisation should be achieved using a collar, two head blocks and tape.

Is this true or false?

A

True

31
Q

Herniation of the intervertebral disc most commonly occurs at which two of the following vertebral levels?

L2-L3

L3-L4

L4-L5

L5-S1

A

L4-L5

L5-S1

32
Q

The ligamentum flavum is found:

between adjacent laminae

between adjacent spinous processes

between adjacent transverse processes

running anterior to the anterior aspect of the vertebral bodies

A

between adjacent laminae