Neuro lll

Question 1

Brown Sequard Syndrome

Answer 1

spinal cord split

• at level of lesion, LOS
• below lesion, ips Dorsal Column stuff
• below lesion, contral STT

Question 2

Pineal Gland is located where and secretes what?

Answer 2

dorsal side of brainstem

- melatonin

Question 3

Superior vs Inferior Colliculi located where and involved in what?

Answer 3

located dorsal brainstem
superior- visual
inferior - hearing

Question 4

What is the 1st branch of the internal carotid A.?

Answer 4

opthalmic

Question 5

JC virus can cause

Answer 5

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, PML

• inflam of white matter at various places
• polyomavirus

Question 6

Fitz-Hugh Curtis Syndrome

Answer 6

eti: acute gonn or chlamydia

- salpingitis

Question 7

if AST:ALT ratio is 2:1 think…

Answer 7

booze

Question 8

Amyloidosis SSx

Answer 8

thickening of tongue

spontaneous ocular ecchymosis

Question 9

Marfan’s Syndrome is cause by abN of what protein?

Answer 9

Fibrillin 1 Protein

Question 10

MM - SSx

Answer 10

punched out bone lesion

KD failure

Question 11

UMN lesion of face causes paralysis of what part of face?

Answer 11

Contralateral of LOWER face

Question 12

LMN lesion can cause paralysis of what part of body?

Answer 12

ips upper and lower

Question 13

Bell’s Palsy

Answer 13

Lesion of FACIAL NERVE so upper and lower IPSILATERAL facial paralysis w inability to close eye
(remember CN lll opens the eye)

Question 14

Cavernous Sinus Syndrome

Answer 14

ophthalmoplegia, loss of corneal and maxillary sensation
CN Vl affected usu
w normal visual acuity

Question 15

eye too long - near sighted - is called what? vs?

Answer 15

myopia vs hyperopia

Question 16

abN curvature of cornea is?

Answer 16

Astigmatism

Question 17

sclerosis of eye so bad at accomodation

Answer 17

Presbyopia

Question 18

Uveitis

Answer 18

assoc w systemic inflam. disorder

uvea inflam.

Question 19

Retinitis

Answer 19

often w viral infx.

assoc w immunosuppression

Question 20

atrophy of optic disc

Answer 20

Glaucoma

Question 21

CN lV damaged causes what?

Answer 21

eye to move up

Question 22

CN lll damaged causes what?

Answer 22

eye moves “down and out”

Question 23

Mydriasis

Answer 23

dilation - SNS

Question 24

Pupillary light reflect: afferent and efferent CN’s?

Answer 24

CN ll - optic for afferent

CN lll - oculomotor for efferent

Question 25

Marcus Gunn Pupil - test how? damage to?

Answer 25

afferent defect CN ll - damaged | test with "swinging flashlight"

Question 26

Distortion and Loss of Central Vision is called? seen in what dz?

Answer 26

Scotoma - Macular Degeneration

Question 27

lesion in MLF, medial longitudinal fasciculus, causes what? | "right INO" means? seen in what Dz?

Answer 27

INO - Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia when CN 3 & 6 can't work together for eye movements - problems w horizontal eye movements - Right INO means lesion in right MLF and right eye paralyzed - MS

Question 28

Phenylalanine is a precursor for? | what enzyme?

Answer 28

Tyrosine --->-> catecholamines | - phenyl-hydroxylase

Question 29

Tyrosine fxns:

Answer 29

- base for synthesis of thyroid hormone - TCA cycle - melanin - catecholamine

Question 30

What enzyme deficiency is involved in PKU? | What is PKU known for?

Answer 30

phenyl-hydroxylase, so can't make tyrosine | see in children - #1 cause of mental retardation

Question 31

Tyrosine is a precursor for?

Answer 31

Dopamine -> NE -> Epi | these are catecholamines

Question 32

An increase in VMA in urine indicates?

Answer 32

an increase in catecholamine production as VMA is an intermediate in metabolism

Question 33

Important enzymes to metabolize catecholamines, NE and EPI

Answer 33

COMT, MAO

Question 34

What Dz results in an abN increase in catecholamines?

Answer 34

Pheochromocytoma

Question 35

Amino acid precursor of NO? | enzyme in order to make it?

Answer 35

Arginine --> Citrulline - think "arrrgh" when at the dentist - NO synthase

Question 36

What is the precursor for Histamine? What is the enzyme?

Answer 36

Histadine | - B-1 and Histadine Decarboxylase

Question 37

What is the precursor for GABA?

Answer 37

Glutamine (primary excitatory neurotransmitter in brain)

Question 38

Vestibulocerebellum is responsible for?

Answer 38

- think Romberg test | - balance, eye movement

Question 39

Pontocerebellum is responsible for?

Answer 39

planning and initiating movement

Question 40

Spinocerebellum is responsible for?

Answer 40

decides how much E to put into a movement

Question 41

Basal Ganglia/Nucei neurotransmitters are? | this part of the brain is responsible for?

Answer 41

- GABA & Dopa | - smooth movement

Question 42

What disorders are assoc w the Basal Nuclei?

Answer 42

Parkinsons and Huntingtons Dz

Question 43

Dz: progressive that results in death. loss of GABA containing neurons usu dt AI (think basal nuclei). see CHOREA

Answer 43

Huntington's Dz

Question 44

Dz: damage to substantia nigra (of basal nuclei), see cogwheel rigidity, pill-rolling, resting tremor. IDIOPATHIC

Answer 44

Parkinson's Dz

Question 45

MC cause of dementia is?

Answer 45

Alzheimers

Question 46

Characteristic signs of Alzheimer's Dz

Answer 46

cortical atrophy neurofibrillary tangles plaques in cortex loss of intellectual fx

Question 47

Tay Sachs: deficiency of what enzyme? child dies at age?

Answer 47

Hexosaminidase A - lysosomal storage disorder -> deterioration of nerve cells of brain - 4yo

Question 48

Hurler Syndrome: xu of what enzyme

Answer 48

mucopolysaccharide overdose - can't degrade death at 6-10 yo - lysosomal alpha-L-iduronidase

Question 49

Pompe's: xu of what enzyme?

Answer 49

alpha-glucosidase - glycogen can't be broken down and causes probs in muscles

Question 50

Wilson's Dz: what is it? characteristic lesion?

Answer 50

can't get rid of copper | - Kaiser Fleisher Ring