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NPLEX > Neuro lll > Flashcards

Neuro lll Flashcards

1
Q

Brown Sequard Syndrome

A

spinal cord split

  • at level of lesion, LOS
  • below lesion, ips Dorsal Column stuff
  • below lesion, contral STT
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2
Q

Pineal Gland is located where and secretes what?

A

dorsal side of brainstem

- melatonin

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3
Q

Superior vs Inferior Colliculi located where and involved in what?

A

located dorsal brainstem
superior- visual
inferior - hearing

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4
Q

What is the 1st branch of the internal carotid A.?

A

opthalmic

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5
Q

JC virus can cause

A

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, PML

  • inflam of white matter at various places
  • polyomavirus
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6
Q

Fitz-Hugh Curtis Syndrome

A

eti: acute gonn or chlamydia

- salpingitis

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7
Q

if AST:ALT ratio is 2:1 think…

A

booze

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8
Q

Amyloidosis SSx

A

thickening of tongue

spontaneous ocular ecchymosis

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9
Q

Marfan’s Syndrome is cause by abN of what protein?

A

Fibrillin 1 Protein

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10
Q

MM - SSx

A

punched out bone lesion

KD failure

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11
Q

UMN lesion of face causes paralysis of what part of face?

A

Contralateral of LOWER face

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12
Q

LMN lesion can cause paralysis of what part of body?

A

ips upper and lower

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13
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

Lesion of FACIAL NERVE so upper and lower IPSILATERAL facial paralysis w inability to close eye
(remember CN lll opens the eye)

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14
Q

Cavernous Sinus Syndrome

A

ophthalmoplegia, loss of corneal and maxillary sensation
CN Vl affected usu
w normal visual acuity

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15
Q

eye too long - near sighted - is called what? vs?

A

myopia vs hyperopia

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16
Q

abN curvature of cornea is?

A

Astigmatism

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17
Q

sclerosis of eye so bad at accomodation

A

Presbyopia

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18
Q

Uveitis

A

assoc w systemic inflam. disorder

uvea inflam.

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19
Q

Retinitis

A

often w viral infx.

assoc w immunosuppression

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20
Q

atrophy of optic disc

A

Glaucoma

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21
Q

CN lV damaged causes what?

A

eye to move up

22
Q

CN lll damaged causes what?

A

eye moves “down and out”

23
Q

Mydriasis

A

dilation - SNS

24
Q

Pupillary light reflect: afferent and efferent CN’s?

A

CN ll - optic for afferent

CN lll - oculomotor for efferent

25
Q

Marcus Gunn Pupil - test how? damage to?

A

afferent defect CN ll - damaged

test with “swinging flashlight”

26
Q

Distortion and Loss of Central Vision is called? seen in what dz?

A

Scotoma - Macular Degeneration

27
Q

lesion in MLF, medial longitudinal fasciculus, causes what?

“right INO” means? seen in what Dz?

A

INO - Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia
when CN 3 & 6 can’t work together for eye movements
- problems w horizontal eye movements
- Right INO means lesion in right MLF and right eye paralyzed
- MS

28
Q

Phenylalanine is a precursor for?

what enzyme?

A

Tyrosine —>-> catecholamines

- phenyl-hydroxylase

29
Q

Tyrosine fxns:

A
  • base for synthesis of thyroid hormone
  • TCA cycle
  • melanin
  • catecholamine
30
Q

What enzyme deficiency is involved in PKU?

What is PKU known for?

A

phenyl-hydroxylase, so can’t make tyrosine

see in children - #1 cause of mental retardation

31
Q

Tyrosine is a precursor for?

A

Dopamine -> NE -> Epi

these are catecholamines

32
Q

An increase in VMA in urine indicates?

A

an increase in catecholamine production as VMA is an intermediate in metabolism

33
Q

Important enzymes to metabolize catecholamines, NE and EPI

A

COMT, MAO

34
Q

What Dz results in an abN increase in catecholamines?

A

Pheochromocytoma

35
Q

Amino acid precursor of NO?

enzyme in order to make it?

A

Arginine –> Citrulline

  • think “arrrgh” when at the dentist
  • NO synthase
36
Q

What is the precursor for Histamine? What is the enzyme?

A

Histadine

- B-1 and Histadine Decarboxylase

37
Q

What is the precursor for GABA?

A

Glutamine (primary excitatory neurotransmitter in brain)

38
Q

Vestibulocerebellum is responsible for?

A
  • think Romberg test

- balance, eye movement

39
Q

Pontocerebellum is responsible for?

A

planning and initiating movement

40
Q

Spinocerebellum is responsible for?

A

decides how much E to put into a movement

41
Q

Basal Ganglia/Nucei neurotransmitters are?

this part of the brain is responsible for?

A
  • GABA & Dopa

- smooth movement

42
Q

What disorders are assoc w the Basal Nuclei?

A

Parkinsons and Huntingtons Dz

43
Q

Dz: progressive that results in death. loss of GABA containing neurons usu dt AI (think basal nuclei). see CHOREA

A

Huntington’s Dz

44
Q

Dz: damage to substantia nigra (of basal nuclei), see cogwheel rigidity, pill-rolling, resting tremor. IDIOPATHIC

A

Parkinson’s Dz

45
Q

MC cause of dementia is?

A

Alzheimers

46
Q

Characteristic signs of Alzheimer’s Dz

A

cortical atrophy
neurofibrillary tangles
plaques in cortex
loss of intellectual fx

47
Q

Tay Sachs: deficiency of what enzyme? child dies at age?

A

Hexosaminidase A

  • lysosomal storage disorder -> deterioration of nerve cells of brain
  • 4yo
48
Q

Hurler Syndrome: xu of what enzyme

A

mucopolysaccharide overdose - can’t degrade
death at 6-10 yo
- lysosomal alpha-L-iduronidase

49
Q

Pompe’s: xu of what enzyme?

A

alpha-glucosidase - glycogen can’t be broken down and causes probs in muscles

50
Q

Wilson’s Dz: what is it? characteristic lesion?

A

can’t get rid of copper

- Kaiser Fleisher Ring

NPLEX (24 decks)

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