Immuno l Flashcards
LPS is what?
endotoxin of gram- bacteria
part of outer membrane
pyrogenic
not denatured by boiling water
cold temps activate PNS or SNS?
SNS
- altho sweat glands are under sympathetic muscarinic control
Where is the set point for body temp regulated?
Posterior Hypothalamus
What do viruses do to set pt of body temp?
pyrogenic, so increase set point and cause a Fever
Interleukins that trigger Fever are?
IL-1 & 6
- IL-1 goes to post hypothalamus and increases PGs that increase set point
How does Aspirin affect set point?
it decreases it and lowers Fever
by inhibiting CYCLOOXYGENASE
thereby inhibiting PG production
How do Steroids affect set point?
also reduce Fever by blocking ARACHIDONIC ACID from brain phospholipids preventing production of PGs
Immune cell that is nonspecific and comes from lymphoid stem cell in BM. makes perforin. stimulated by complement cascade.
NK cells
M0 located where? Monocyte Kupffer Histiocyte Osteoclast
M0 - tissue Monocyte - blood Kupffer - LR Histiocyte Osteoclast - bone
What do Basophils release?
Ig’s and Heparin (like mast)
Classical Complement Protein Cascade triggered by?
Alternative?
- Ag-Ab rxn
- vs Alternative: @C-3 locus (faster but less effective)
What are the 3 types of INTERFERONS and who releases them?
- alpha from leukocyte
- beta from fibroblast
- gamma - from T-cells - activate the troops
TNF-alpha and beta… trigger what?
trigger apoptosis
MHC1
on APC
- for intracellular infected cells (think virus)
- communicates w CD8 via TCR and CD28 (to APC’s CD86) to KILL IT
MHC2
on M0
- extracellular presentation of antigen to CD4 helper cells
What are Defensins and where are they located?
antimicrobial peptides
skin and mucosa
affinity for neg. charged phospholipids like bacteria’s cell wall
- keep microflora from overgrowing
Innate vs Adaptive
think MYELOID vs LYMPHOID
What immune cells are involved in organ transplant rejection?
CD8
What are Langerhan cells?
immature dendritic cells in epidermis
phagocytic & APC
What secretes Acute Phase Proteins and when?
LR - first 4hrs of inflammation
What are Acute Phase Proteins?
Kinins - alert us w pain and itching
CRP - sets off complement cascade
Complement Cascade - pokes holes in bacteria
Acute Phase Proteins signal what cells?
PMNs to stop drop and roll aka Diapedus
then they die in 1d -> pus
TLR are used on what cells?
used for endocytosis
- recognize different things like LPS, foreign DNA
- phagocytosis does not use receptors
Ab functions
- Opsinize - easier for phagocytosis
- Neutralize - toxins
- activate other cells w Fc portion (like IgE activates mast or eosinophil)
- ADCC - NK cells have FcgammaR so they can kill things w Ab all over it
Adipokines are?
produced by?
IL1,6 TNFalpha
M0 in fat
IL-8 is a
chemokine
IL-12 causes Th0 cells to become _____ cells which then release _______.
Th1
- TNF gamma (activates M0)
- IL-2 prolif of Th1 and cytotoxic cells
Hypersensitivity RXNS mnemonic AnGST
An - anaphylaxis, asthma, atopy
G - goodpastures, graves, myasthenia gravis
S - SLE, serum sickness
T - t-cell mediated, TB test, transplant rejection
Type 1, 2, 3, 4
(IgE, Ab-mediated, Ag-Ab, T-cell mediated)
Th1 is a response to ____ whereas Th2 is a response to _______.
- bacteria, virus
- parasites, worms, allergies
IL-4 triggers what?
IgE Ab and Th2 response (worms, parasites, allergies)
Th2 cells release
IL-4,5,13
IL-23 triggers
Th17 response (mold, fungi, AI)
Th17 releases
IL-17
IL-10 triggers
Th3 (food)
Th3 releases
TGFbeta - which shuts down immune response by Regulatory T cells
T cells can only recognize _____ whereas B cells can recognize _______.
peptides
other things
MHC1 process
intracellular antigen -> proteosome -> TAP feed peptide into ER -> binds to MHC1 -> golgi to surface of cell as “peptide MHC complex” -> contact w CD8
MHCll process
TLR -> endocytosed -> endosome -> fuse w lysosome -> endolysosome -> vesicle from ER w MHCll and invariant chain fuses w endolysosome -> bacteria binds to MHCll -> to cell surface -> contact w CD4
which Ab is involved in blood transfusion rxns and lives for 2-3wks?
IgM
IFNgamma triggers production of which Ab and activates what?
IgG … it also activates M0
assoc. w viral infx
inhibits TH2
IL-2 triggers production of what Ab?
IgM
if a cell is wo MHC, then NK’s do what?
kill it
What does Somatic Hypermutation do?
in lymph node makes pt mutation on Ab of Bcell so that it can bind stronger to Ag
Class switching of Ab mnemonic
My Dog Got Eaten Alive
TGF triggers release of Ab
IgA
IgE activates…
Mast and Eosinophils by binding to Fc region of IgE
What does ADCC mean?
Ab Dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity
- NK’s can kill cells covered in IgG by binding to its Fc region
CD8 and NK cells have what in them?
perforins and granzymes that stimulate apoptosis
Basophils are in circulation and filled w? they are coated w?
basophils are in circulation and filled w histamine, etc. and coated w IgE
Th2 is inhibited by
IFNgamma
Th1 is inhibited by
IL-4, 10
Indirect Coombs Test detects…
Abs - looks for type ll sensitivity
