Immuno l

Question 1

LPS is what?

Answer 1

endotoxin of gram- bacteria
part of outer membrane
pyrogenic
not denatured by boiling water

Question 2

cold temps activate PNS or SNS?

Answer 2

SNS

- altho sweat glands are under sympathetic muscarinic control

Question 3

Where is the set point for body temp regulated?

Answer 3

Posterior Hypothalamus

Question 4

What do viruses do to set pt of body temp?

Answer 4

pyrogenic, so increase set point and cause a Fever

Question 5

Interleukins that trigger Fever are?

Answer 5

IL-1 & 6

- IL-1 goes to post hypothalamus and increases PGs that increase set point

Question 6

How does Aspirin affect set point?

Answer 6

it decreases it and lowers Fever
by inhibiting CYCLOOXYGENASE
thereby inhibiting PG production

Question 7

How do Steroids affect set point?

Answer 7

also reduce Fever by blocking ARACHIDONIC ACID from brain phospholipids preventing production of PGs

Question 8

Immune cell that is nonspecific and comes from lymphoid stem cell in BM. makes perforin. stimulated by complement cascade.

Answer 8

NK cells

Question 9

M0 located where?
Monocyte
Kupffer
Histiocyte
Osteoclast

Answer 9

M0 - tissue
Monocyte - blood
Kupffer - LR
Histiocyte
Osteoclast - bone

Question 10

What do Basophils release?

Answer 10

Ig’s and Heparin (like mast)

Question 11

Classical Complement Protein Cascade triggered by?

Alternative?

Answer 11

• Ag-Ab rxn

- vs Alternative: @C-3 locus (faster but less effective)

Question 12

What are the 3 types of INTERFERONS and who releases them?

Answer 12

1. alpha from leukocyte
2. beta from fibroblast
3. gamma - from T-cells - activate the troops

Question 13

TNF-alpha and beta… trigger what?

Answer 13

trigger apoptosis

Question 14

MHC1

Answer 14

on APC

• for intracellular infected cells (think virus)
• communicates w CD8 via TCR and CD28 (to APC’s CD86) to KILL IT

Question 15

MHC2

Answer 15

on M0

- extracellular presentation of antigen to CD4 helper cells

Question 16

What are Defensins and where are they located?

Answer 16

antimicrobial peptides
skin and mucosa
affinity for neg. charged phospholipids like bacteria’s cell wall
- keep microflora from overgrowing

Question 17

Innate vs Adaptive

Answer 17

think MYELOID vs LYMPHOID

Question 18

What immune cells are involved in organ transplant rejection?

Answer 18

CD8

Question 19

What are Langerhan cells?

Answer 19

immature dendritic cells in epidermis

phagocytic & APC

Question 20

What secretes Acute Phase Proteins and when?

Answer 20

LR - first 4hrs of inflammation

Question 21

What are Acute Phase Proteins?

Answer 21

Kinins - alert us w pain and itching
CRP - sets off complement cascade
Complement Cascade - pokes holes in bacteria

Question 22

Acute Phase Proteins signal what cells?

Answer 22

PMNs to stop drop and roll aka Diapedus

then they die in 1d -> pus

Question 23

TLR are used on what cells?

Answer 23

used for endocytosis

• recognize different things like LPS, foreign DNA
• phagocytosis does not use receptors

Question 24

Ab functions

Answer 24

1. Opsinize - easier for phagocytosis
2. Neutralize - toxins
3. activate other cells w Fc portion (like IgE activates mast or eosinophil)
4. ADCC - NK cells have FcgammaR so they can kill things w Ab all over it

Question 25

Adipokines are? | produced by?

Answer 25

IL1,6 TNFalpha | M0 in fat

Question 26

IL-8 is a

Answer 26

chemokine

Question 27

IL-12 causes Th0 cells to become _____ cells which then release _______.

Answer 27

Th1 - TNF gamma (activates M0) - IL-2 prolif of Th1 and cytotoxic cells

Question 28

Hypersensitivity RXNS mnemonic AnGST

Answer 28

An - anaphylaxis, asthma, atopy G - goodpastures, graves, myasthenia gravis S - SLE, serum sickness T - t-cell mediated, TB test, transplant rejection Type 1, 2, 3, 4 (IgE, Ab-mediated, Ag-Ab, T-cell mediated)

Question 29

Th1 is a response to ____ whereas Th2 is a response to _______.

Answer 29

- bacteria, virus | - parasites, worms, allergies

Question 30

IL-4 triggers what?

Answer 30

IgE Ab and Th2 response (worms, parasites, allergies)

Question 31

Th2 cells release

Answer 31

IL-4,5,13

Question 32

IL-23 triggers

Answer 32

Th17 response (mold, fungi, AI)

Question 33

Th17 releases

Answer 33

IL-17

Question 34

IL-10 triggers

Answer 34

Th3 (food)

Question 35

Th3 releases

Answer 35

TGFbeta - which shuts down immune response by Regulatory T cells

Question 36

T cells can only recognize _____ whereas B cells can recognize _______.

Answer 36

peptides | other things

Question 37

MHC1 process

Answer 37

intracellular antigen -> proteosome -> TAP feed peptide into ER -> binds to MHC1 -> golgi to surface of cell as "peptide MHC complex" -> contact w CD8

Question 38

MHCll process

Answer 38

TLR -> endocytosed -> endosome -> fuse w lysosome -> endolysosome -> vesicle from ER w MHCll and invariant chain fuses w endolysosome -> bacteria binds to MHCll -> to cell surface -> contact w CD4

Question 39

which Ab is involved in blood transfusion rxns and lives for 2-3wks?

Answer 39

IgM

Question 40

IFNgamma triggers production of which Ab and activates what?

Answer 40

IgG ... it also activates M0 assoc. w viral infx inhibits TH2

Question 41

IL-2 triggers production of what Ab?

Answer 41

IgM

Question 42

if a cell is wo MHC, then NK's do what?

Answer 42

kill it

Question 43

What does Somatic Hypermutation do?

Answer 43

in lymph node makes pt mutation on Ab of Bcell so that it can bind stronger to Ag

Question 44

Class switching of Ab mnemonic

Answer 44

My Dog Got Eaten Alive

Question 45

TGF triggers release of Ab

Answer 45

IgA

Question 46

IgE activates...

Answer 46

Mast and Eosinophils by binding to Fc region of IgE

Question 47

What does ADCC mean?

Answer 47

Ab Dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity | - NK's can kill cells covered in IgG by binding to its Fc region

Question 48

CD8 and NK cells have what in them?

Answer 48

perforins and granzymes that stimulate apoptosis

Question 49

Basophils are in circulation and filled w? they are coated w?

Answer 49

basophils are in circulation and filled w histamine, etc. and coated w IgE

Question 50

Th2 is inhibited by

Answer 50

IFNgamma

Question 51

Th1 is inhibited by

Answer 51

IL-4, 10

Question 52

Indirect Coombs Test detects...

Answer 52

Abs - looks for type ll sensitivity