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NPLEX > Immuno l > Flashcards

Immuno l Flashcards

1
Q

LPS is what?

A

endotoxin of gram- bacteria
part of outer membrane
pyrogenic
not denatured by boiling water

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2
Q

cold temps activate PNS or SNS?

A

SNS

- altho sweat glands are under sympathetic muscarinic control

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3
Q

Where is the set point for body temp regulated?

A

Posterior Hypothalamus

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4
Q

What do viruses do to set pt of body temp?

A

pyrogenic, so increase set point and cause a Fever

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5
Q

Interleukins that trigger Fever are?

A

IL-1 & 6

- IL-1 goes to post hypothalamus and increases PGs that increase set point

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6
Q

How does Aspirin affect set point?

A

it decreases it and lowers Fever
by inhibiting CYCLOOXYGENASE
thereby inhibiting PG production

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7
Q

How do Steroids affect set point?

A

also reduce Fever by blocking ARACHIDONIC ACID from brain phospholipids preventing production of PGs

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8
Q

Immune cell that is nonspecific and comes from lymphoid stem cell in BM. makes perforin. stimulated by complement cascade.

A

NK cells

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9
Q 
M0 located where?
Monocyte
Kupffer
Histiocyte
Osteoclast
A 
M0 - tissue
Monocyte - blood
Kupffer - LR
Histiocyte
Osteoclast - bone
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10
Q

What do Basophils release?

A

Ig’s and Heparin (like mast)

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11
Q

Classical Complement Protein Cascade triggered by?

Alternative?

A
  • Ag-Ab rxn

- vs Alternative: @C-3 locus (faster but less effective)

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12
Q

What are the 3 types of INTERFERONS and who releases them?

A
  1. alpha from leukocyte
  2. beta from fibroblast
  3. gamma - from T-cells - activate the troops
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13
Q

TNF-alpha and beta… trigger what?

A

trigger apoptosis

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14
Q

MHC1

A

on APC

  • for intracellular infected cells (think virus)
  • communicates w CD8 via TCR and CD28 (to APC’s CD86) to KILL IT
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15
Q

MHC2

A

on M0

- extracellular presentation of antigen to CD4 helper cells

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16
Q

What are Defensins and where are they located?

A

antimicrobial peptides
skin and mucosa
affinity for neg. charged phospholipids like bacteria’s cell wall
- keep microflora from overgrowing

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17
Q

Innate vs Adaptive

A

think MYELOID vs LYMPHOID

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18
Q

What immune cells are involved in organ transplant rejection?

A

CD8

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19
Q

What are Langerhan cells?

A

immature dendritic cells in epidermis

phagocytic & APC

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20
Q

What secretes Acute Phase Proteins and when?

A

LR - first 4hrs of inflammation

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21
Q

What are Acute Phase Proteins?

A

Kinins - alert us w pain and itching
CRP - sets off complement cascade
Complement Cascade - pokes holes in bacteria

22
Q

Acute Phase Proteins signal what cells?

A

PMNs to stop drop and roll aka Diapedus

then they die in 1d -> pus

23
Q

TLR are used on what cells?

A

used for endocytosis

  • recognize different things like LPS, foreign DNA
  • phagocytosis does not use receptors
24
Q

Ab functions

A
  1. Opsinize - easier for phagocytosis
  2. Neutralize - toxins
  3. activate other cells w Fc portion (like IgE activates mast or eosinophil)
  4. ADCC - NK cells have FcgammaR so they can kill things w Ab all over it
25
Q

Adipokines are?

produced by?

A

IL1,6 TNFalpha

M0 in fat

26
Q

IL-8 is a

A

chemokine

27
Q

IL-12 causes Th0 cells to become _____ cells which then release _______.

A

Th1

  • TNF gamma (activates M0)
  • IL-2 prolif of Th1 and cytotoxic cells
28
Q

Hypersensitivity RXNS mnemonic AnGST

A

An - anaphylaxis, asthma, atopy
G - goodpastures, graves, myasthenia gravis
S - SLE, serum sickness
T - t-cell mediated, TB test, transplant rejection

Type 1, 2, 3, 4
(IgE, Ab-mediated, Ag-Ab, T-cell mediated)

29
Q

Th1 is a response to ____ whereas Th2 is a response to _______.

A
  • bacteria, virus

- parasites, worms, allergies

30
Q

IL-4 triggers what?

A

IgE Ab and Th2 response (worms, parasites, allergies)

31
Q

Th2 cells release

A

IL-4,5,13

32
Q

IL-23 triggers

A

Th17 response (mold, fungi, AI)

33
Q

Th17 releases

A

IL-17

34
Q

IL-10 triggers

A

Th3 (food)

35
Q

Th3 releases

A

TGFbeta - which shuts down immune response by Regulatory T cells

36
Q

T cells can only recognize _____ whereas B cells can recognize _______.

A

peptides

other things

37
Q

MHC1 process

A

intracellular antigen -> proteosome -> TAP feed peptide into ER -> binds to MHC1 -> golgi to surface of cell as “peptide MHC complex” -> contact w CD8

38
Q

MHCll process

A

TLR -> endocytosed -> endosome -> fuse w lysosome -> endolysosome -> vesicle from ER w MHCll and invariant chain fuses w endolysosome -> bacteria binds to MHCll -> to cell surface -> contact w CD4

39
Q

which Ab is involved in blood transfusion rxns and lives for 2-3wks?

A

IgM

40
Q

IFNgamma triggers production of which Ab and activates what?

A

IgG … it also activates M0
assoc. w viral infx
inhibits TH2

41
Q

IL-2 triggers production of what Ab?

A

IgM

42
Q

if a cell is wo MHC, then NK’s do what?

A

kill it

43
Q

What does Somatic Hypermutation do?

A

in lymph node makes pt mutation on Ab of Bcell so that it can bind stronger to Ag

44
Q

Class switching of Ab mnemonic

A

My Dog Got Eaten Alive

45
Q

TGF triggers release of Ab

A

IgA

46
Q

IgE activates…

A

Mast and Eosinophils by binding to Fc region of IgE

47
Q

What does ADCC mean?

A

Ab Dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity

- NK’s can kill cells covered in IgG by binding to its Fc region

48
Q

CD8 and NK cells have what in them?

A

perforins and granzymes that stimulate apoptosis

49
Q

Basophils are in circulation and filled w? they are coated w?

A

basophils are in circulation and filled w histamine, etc. and coated w IgE

50
Q

Th2 is inhibited by

A

IFNgamma

51
Q

Th1 is inhibited by

A

IL-4, 10

52
Q

Indirect Coombs Test detects…

A

Abs - looks for type ll sensitivity

NPLEX (24 decks)

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