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NPLEX > Micro l > Flashcards

Micro l Flashcards

1
Q

Staph Aureus

  • type of bug
  • how do contract?
  • what problems?
A
  • gram+ cocci
  • TRUE food poisoning (bc toxin), post viral URI pneumonia
  • TRICUSPID endocarditis (R-side) in IV drug users; Pneumonia, Scalded Skin Syn, Septic Arthritis, Osteomyelitis
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2
Q

GAS - what is it?

- problems it causes?

A

Group A Streptococci (think pie scene)

  • Gram+ Cocci
  • Strep Throat
  • PSGN, Impetigo, Scarlet Fever, Rheumatic F
  • anti M protein Abs
  • betahemolytic, catalase NEG
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3
Q

What is Salmonella’s defense?

A

injects peptide into m0 to prevent uptake

- but its also FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR M0

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4
Q

1 Cause of Osteomyelitis in Sickle Cell Dz

A

Salmonella Typhi

  • remember TYPHOID MARY
  • also causes HA, myalgia, malaise, F
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5
Q

Pea soup diarrhea vs Inflam. diarrhea

A

Salmonella Typhi vs Salmonella Enteritidis

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6
Q

Both Salmonella - type of bacteria?

characteristics?

A

Salmonella Typhi and Enteritidis
gram -
- motile, encapsulated, acid labile, facultative intracellular

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7
Q

Reactive TB - when it affects the bone (spine) is called?

A

Pott’s Dz

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8
Q

Reactive TB can affect the CNS and cause?

A

Meningitis and Tuburculoma

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9
Q

Sxs of Reactive TB

A

cough, hemoptysis, nightsweats

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10
Q

3 types of Infx of TB

- what is MC?

A
  1. Healed Latent Infx
  2. Systemic Infx
  3. Reactivation
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11
Q

How is Mycobacterium spread?

A

respiratory droplets
proliferates in M0
- obligate aerobe

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12
Q

What vaccine is used for TB?

What screening test is positive for those vaccinated?

A

BCG vaccine

- PPD (+ for active, latent, and vaccinated)

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13
Q

Primary Infx of TB usu seen in what pop?

what part of LU? what is this called?

A

children
LOWER/middle lobes —> fibrosis and calcification
- GHON COMPLEX

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14
Q

Systemic infx of TB also called?

A

MILIARY TB

- in bone, LR, lymph

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15
Q

The TB infx is contained w the help of TNFalpha release and causes what?

A

CASEATING GRANULOMAS

- but in reactivation, there is a decrease in TNFalpha

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16
Q

In REACTIVATION of TB what lobes of the LU are affected?

A

UPPER

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17
Q

What kind of Salmonella do you see in undercooked Chicken?

A

Salmonella Enteritidis

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18
Q

Strep Agalactia is also know as?

What problems does it cause?

A

Group B Strep - Gram+ Cocci

  • newborns
  • penumonia, meningitis, sepsis
  • beta hemolytic
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19
Q

Sinusitis, Rhinitis, Lobal Pneumonia w RUSTY SPUTUM assoc w what bug?

A

Strep Pneumonia

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20
Q

Strep Pneumonia is what type?

has what virulence factor?

A

gram + cocci

- IgA Protease

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21
Q

What bug is assoc w previously damaged valves of HT causing endocarditis?

A

Strep Viridans - gram+ cocci
think DENTAL CARIES
also, can cause septicemia

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22
Q

What bug has a toxin that prevents release of ACh at neuromuscular jx, is an anaerobe, and gram + bacilli?

A

Clostridium Botulinum

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23
Q

Anthrax causing bug? type?
Characteristic lesion?
Causes what?

A

Bacillus Anthracis - gram+ rods in chains

  • cutaneous black ESCHAR
  • pulm hemorrhage
  • lethal factor, edema factor
  • see WIDENED MEDIASTINUM
24
Q

What bug has a toxin that prevents release of inhibitory neurotransmitters GABA and Glycine?

A

Clostridium Tetani - gram+ bacilli

  • obligate anaerobe
  • spores
25
Q

What bug causes PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS and diarrhea w toxin in stool?

A

Clostridium Difficile - gram+ bacilli

- exotoxin A and B

26
Q

Corynebacterium Diphtehriae - remember bull scene

  • type? spread how?
  • characteristic finding?
  • problems?
A

gram+ bacilli

  • resp droplets
  • gray pseudomembrane on tonsils and throat
  • “BULL’S NECK” LA
  • MYOCARDITIS, arrhythmia, HT block
  • DEMYELINATION OF NERVES
27
Q

Staphylococcus Epidermidis

A 
think plumber 
gram+ cocci
coag - 
surgical infx
subacute endocarditis
28
Q

Stapyhlococcus Saprophyticus

A

think flirty girl w plumber
coag-
UTI, F sexually active

29
Q

Strep Enterococci

A

URI

30
Q

Neisseria

  • type of bug
  • virulence factors?
A

Gram- DIPLOCOCCI
Pilus w antigenic variation
IgA Protease

31
Q

What can Neisseria Meningitidis ferment?
how is it transmitted?
how does it protect itself?

A

Maltose and Glucose

  • gram- diplococci
  • respiratory droplets - colonizes nasopharynx
  • THINK DEAD COLLEGE BOY
  • polysaccharide capsule inhibits phagocytosis
32
Q

Waterhouse Friderichsen is assoc w what? How does this happen?

A

when adrenals infarct
Neisseria Meningitidis
- bad inflammation -> thrombocytopenia -> petechiae//DIC -> capillary leakage -> hypovolemia -> infarct
** MENINGOCOCCEMIA

33
Q

Neisseria Meningitidis obv causes Meningitis. What are SSx?

A

purpuric rash, HA, nuchal rigidity, Fever

34
Q

Neisseria Gonorrheae

characteristics?

A

gram- diplococci
no capsule unlike meningitidis
catalase+, oxidase+
FERMENTS GLUCOSE
makes IgA that is not detectable by humans
pilia attach to mucosal surface and evade phagocytosis
facultative intracellular in PMNs

35
Q

What bug can cause purulent conjunctivitis in newborns?

A

Neisseria Gonorrheae

36
Q

PID and white purulent dc assoc w?

A

Neisseria Gonorrhea

37
Q

post-antibiotic therapy - see diarrhea - assoc w ?

A

C. difficile

38
Q

What bug causes Gas Gangrene?

A

Clostridium Perfingens

  • think motorcycle dude
  • myonecrosis
39
Q

What bug is assoc w slow onset food poisoning?

A

C. perfingens (gm+ rod)

- ingest SPORES, then toxin released - LOTS of TOXIN (alpha)

40
Q

What bug is the MC cause of TRAUMATIC EYE INFX?

A

B. cereus (gm+ rod, in soil)

- beta-hemolytic

41
Q

What bug is assoc w food poisoning in BAKED GOODS and RICE?

A

B. cereus

42
Q

What bug is CLUB SHAPED?

A

C. diptheriae (gm+ bacilli)

  • common on the skin and respiratory tract
  • remember gray pseudomembrane, myocarditis
43
Q

What causes a fatal neonatal dz - granulomatosis infatiseptica

A 
Listeria Monocytogenes (gm+ bacilli)
- think santa
44
Q

Listeria Monocytogenes

characteristics?

A 
gm+ bacilli
beta-hemolytic
catalase+
LISTERIOLYSIN 0 to replicate in M0
animals are primary reservoir 
- HT AND BRAIN
45
Q

What does E. coli ferment?

A

LACTOSE

vs other GI bugs that don’t

46
Q

E. coli

shared characteristics

A 
gm- bacilli
MC cause of UTI
LPS -> septicemia, gastroenteritis
part of normal flora
catalase+, pili, K antigen on capsule
47
Q 
EHEC
assoc w what food? 
what toxin?
specific name?
problems?
A
  • undercooked meat
  • shiga-like toxin
  • 0157:H7
  • hemolysis, HUS, acute renal failure
  • can transmit toxin producing gene to normal flora
48
Q

ETEC
also called?
problems?

A

travelers diarrhea- watery! (think water truck)

- SI Dz, N/V/D

49
Q

bug on eggshells - eat it now you have F, N/V/D and cramping, think…

A

Salmonella enteritidis (gm- bacilli)

50
Q

How is Shigella dysenteriae transmitted?
type of bug?
problems?

A

think GORILLA
gram- bacilli (S. sonnei is MC in US)
- abd cramps, pus bloody diarrhea
- shiga-toxin
- transmitted via 4 F’s: food, feces, finger, flies
- acid-stable (vs salmonella), lives in M cells

51
Q

What bug causes lobar pneumonia and is assoc w alcoholics, abscess, and aspiration?

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae, gm- bacilli

  • THINK DINOSAUR
  • currant jelly sputum, nonmotile, capsule
  • nosocomial (multidrug resistant)
  • also causes UTI
52
Q

What does Klebsiella penumoniae and Enterobacter ferment?

A

LACTOSE
both gm- bacilli
enterobacter is motile vs klebsiella

53
Q

from animal feces in cold climates that can cause bloody diarrhea w fever? DDX:

A

Yersinia enterocolitica, gm- bacilli

  • nonfatal
  • APPENDICITIS
54
Q

What bug is assoc w Bubonic Plague - is fatal if untx - see LA

  • how do you get it?
  • what other problems can it cause?
A

Yersinia pestis, gm- bacilli

  • fleas or inhalation
  • PNEUMONIC PLAGUE -> hemorrhagic penumonia
  • abscess in organs, DIC
55
Q

What bug is assoc w “safety pin” or a bipolar stain pattern?

A

Yersinia pestis, gm- bacilli

- capsulated

NPLEX (24 decks)

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