Micro l Flashcards
Staph Aureus
- type of bug
- how do contract?
- what problems?
- gram+ cocci
- TRUE food poisoning (bc toxin), post viral URI pneumonia
- TRICUSPID endocarditis (R-side) in IV drug users; Pneumonia, Scalded Skin Syn, Septic Arthritis, Osteomyelitis
GAS - what is it?
- problems it causes?
Group A Streptococci (think pie scene)
- Gram+ Cocci
- Strep Throat
- PSGN, Impetigo, Scarlet Fever, Rheumatic F
- anti M protein Abs
- betahemolytic, catalase NEG
What is Salmonella’s defense?
injects peptide into m0 to prevent uptake
- but its also FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR M0
1 Cause of Osteomyelitis in Sickle Cell Dz
Salmonella Typhi
- remember TYPHOID MARY
- also causes HA, myalgia, malaise, F
Pea soup diarrhea vs Inflam. diarrhea
Salmonella Typhi vs Salmonella Enteritidis
Both Salmonella - type of bacteria?
characteristics?
Salmonella Typhi and Enteritidis
gram -
- motile, encapsulated, acid labile, facultative intracellular
Reactive TB - when it affects the bone (spine) is called?
Pott’s Dz
Reactive TB can affect the CNS and cause?
Meningitis and Tuburculoma
Sxs of Reactive TB
cough, hemoptysis, nightsweats
3 types of Infx of TB
- what is MC?
- Healed Latent Infx
- Systemic Infx
- Reactivation
How is Mycobacterium spread?
respiratory droplets
proliferates in M0
- obligate aerobe
What vaccine is used for TB?
What screening test is positive for those vaccinated?
BCG vaccine
- PPD (+ for active, latent, and vaccinated)
Primary Infx of TB usu seen in what pop?
what part of LU? what is this called?
children
LOWER/middle lobes —> fibrosis and calcification
- GHON COMPLEX
Systemic infx of TB also called?
MILIARY TB
- in bone, LR, lymph
The TB infx is contained w the help of TNFalpha release and causes what?
CASEATING GRANULOMAS
- but in reactivation, there is a decrease in TNFalpha
In REACTIVATION of TB what lobes of the LU are affected?
UPPER
What kind of Salmonella do you see in undercooked Chicken?
Salmonella Enteritidis
Strep Agalactia is also know as?
What problems does it cause?
Group B Strep - Gram+ Cocci
- newborns
- penumonia, meningitis, sepsis
- beta hemolytic
Sinusitis, Rhinitis, Lobal Pneumonia w RUSTY SPUTUM assoc w what bug?
Strep Pneumonia
Strep Pneumonia is what type?
has what virulence factor?
gram + cocci
- IgA Protease
What bug is assoc w previously damaged valves of HT causing endocarditis?
Strep Viridans - gram+ cocci
think DENTAL CARIES
also, can cause septicemia
What bug has a toxin that prevents release of ACh at neuromuscular jx, is an anaerobe, and gram + bacilli?
Clostridium Botulinum
Anthrax causing bug? type?
Characteristic lesion?
Causes what?
Bacillus Anthracis - gram+ rods in chains
- cutaneous black ESCHAR
- pulm hemorrhage
- lethal factor, edema factor
- see WIDENED MEDIASTINUM
What bug has a toxin that prevents release of inhibitory neurotransmitters GABA and Glycine?
Clostridium Tetani - gram+ bacilli
- obligate anaerobe
- spores
What bug causes PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS and diarrhea w toxin in stool?
Clostridium Difficile - gram+ bacilli
- exotoxin A and B
Corynebacterium Diphtehriae - remember bull scene
- type? spread how?
- characteristic finding?
- problems?
gram+ bacilli
- resp droplets
- gray pseudomembrane on tonsils and throat
- “BULL’S NECK” LA
- MYOCARDITIS, arrhythmia, HT block
- DEMYELINATION OF NERVES
Staphylococcus Epidermidis
think plumber gram+ cocci coag - surgical infx subacute endocarditis
Stapyhlococcus Saprophyticus
think flirty girl w plumber
coag-
UTI, F sexually active
Strep Enterococci
URI
Neisseria
- type of bug
- virulence factors?
Gram- DIPLOCOCCI
Pilus w antigenic variation
IgA Protease
What can Neisseria Meningitidis ferment?
how is it transmitted?
how does it protect itself?
Maltose and Glucose
- gram- diplococci
- respiratory droplets - colonizes nasopharynx
- THINK DEAD COLLEGE BOY
- polysaccharide capsule inhibits phagocytosis
Waterhouse Friderichsen is assoc w what? How does this happen?
when adrenals infarct
Neisseria Meningitidis
- bad inflammation -> thrombocytopenia -> petechiae//DIC -> capillary leakage -> hypovolemia -> infarct
** MENINGOCOCCEMIA
Neisseria Meningitidis obv causes Meningitis. What are SSx?
purpuric rash, HA, nuchal rigidity, Fever
Neisseria Gonorrheae
characteristics?
gram- diplococci
no capsule unlike meningitidis
catalase+, oxidase+
FERMENTS GLUCOSE
makes IgA that is not detectable by humans
pilia attach to mucosal surface and evade phagocytosis
facultative intracellular in PMNs
What bug can cause purulent conjunctivitis in newborns?
Neisseria Gonorrheae
PID and white purulent dc assoc w?
Neisseria Gonorrhea
post-antibiotic therapy - see diarrhea - assoc w ?
C. difficile
What bug causes Gas Gangrene?
Clostridium Perfingens
- think motorcycle dude
- myonecrosis
What bug is assoc w slow onset food poisoning?
C. perfingens (gm+ rod)
- ingest SPORES, then toxin released - LOTS of TOXIN (alpha)
What bug is the MC cause of TRAUMATIC EYE INFX?
B. cereus (gm+ rod, in soil)
- beta-hemolytic
What bug is assoc w food poisoning in BAKED GOODS and RICE?
B. cereus
What bug is CLUB SHAPED?
C. diptheriae (gm+ bacilli)
- common on the skin and respiratory tract
- remember gray pseudomembrane, myocarditis
What causes a fatal neonatal dz - granulomatosis infatiseptica
Listeria Monocytogenes (gm+ bacilli) - think santa
Listeria Monocytogenes
characteristics?
gm+ bacilli beta-hemolytic catalase+ LISTERIOLYSIN 0 to replicate in M0 animals are primary reservoir - HT AND BRAIN
What does E. coli ferment?
LACTOSE
vs other GI bugs that don’t
E. coli
shared characteristics
gm- bacilli MC cause of UTI LPS -> septicemia, gastroenteritis part of normal flora catalase+, pili, K antigen on capsule
EHEC assoc w what food? what toxin? specific name? problems?
- undercooked meat
- shiga-like toxin
- 0157:H7
- hemolysis, HUS, acute renal failure
- can transmit toxin producing gene to normal flora
ETEC
also called?
problems?
travelers diarrhea- watery! (think water truck)
- SI Dz, N/V/D
bug on eggshells - eat it now you have F, N/V/D and cramping, think…
Salmonella enteritidis (gm- bacilli)
How is Shigella dysenteriae transmitted?
type of bug?
problems?
think GORILLA
gram- bacilli (S. sonnei is MC in US)
- abd cramps, pus bloody diarrhea
- shiga-toxin
- transmitted via 4 F’s: food, feces, finger, flies
- acid-stable (vs salmonella), lives in M cells
What bug causes lobar pneumonia and is assoc w alcoholics, abscess, and aspiration?
Klebsiella pneumoniae, gm- bacilli
- THINK DINOSAUR
- currant jelly sputum, nonmotile, capsule
- nosocomial (multidrug resistant)
- also causes UTI
What does Klebsiella penumoniae and Enterobacter ferment?
LACTOSE
both gm- bacilli
enterobacter is motile vs klebsiella
from animal feces in cold climates that can cause bloody diarrhea w fever? DDX:
Yersinia enterocolitica, gm- bacilli
- nonfatal
- APPENDICITIS
What bug is assoc w Bubonic Plague - is fatal if untx - see LA
- how do you get it?
- what other problems can it cause?
Yersinia pestis, gm- bacilli
- fleas or inhalation
- PNEUMONIC PLAGUE -> hemorrhagic penumonia
- abscess in organs, DIC
What bug is assoc w “safety pin” or a bipolar stain pattern?
Yersinia pestis, gm- bacilli
- capsulated
