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NPLEX > Fats > Flashcards

Fats Flashcards

1
Q

Essential Fatty Acids

- eicosanoids

A

Linoleic omega6

alpha Linolenic omega3

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2
Q

“beta oxidize fats” to …

A

C2 units, AcetylCoA

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3
Q

“esterify” FA’s to…

A

TG’s

- stabilizes

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4
Q

“phosphatidyl”

A

fat anchor to nutrient so that it may travel to cell membrane

  • TG group
  • also see “acyl glycerol”
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5
Q

What does insulin cause the LR to do with acyl units (fat)?

A

esterifies them to TG’s and releases to blood stream

- if no insulin (so no sugar avail), then LR will beta oxidize in mitochondria for Energy

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6
Q

What is cardiolipin?

A

phospholipid

  • “diphoshatidylglycerol”
  • inner membrane of mitochondria
  • phosphate transporter, cytochrome oxidase activity
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7
Q

major site of cholesterol synthesis

- where

A

LR

- cytoplasm

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8
Q

Free fatty acids -> Cholesterol pathway

A

FFA -> Acyl CoA -> Acetoacetyl CoA -> HMG-CoA -> Mevalonate -> Squalene -> Desmusterol -> Cholesterol

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9
Q

Cholesterol synthesis:

rate limiting step

A

HMG CoA Reductase
HMGCoA —> Mevalonate
inhibited by cholesterol

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10
Q

Cholesterol synthesis:

Mevalonate –> –>

A

IPP + DPP

  • 5C isoprenoid isomers
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11
Q

Cholesterol synthesis:

IPP & DPP –> –>

A

Squalene -> Ianosterol -> Cholesterol

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12
Q

chylomicron receptor

A

Apo-E

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13
Q

LDL receptor

A

Apo-B

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14
Q

HDL receptor

A

A-1

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15
Q

VLDL -> IDL -> ?

A

LDL

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16
Q

HDL and LDL are synthesized by…

A

LR

- vs chylomicron - we get from diet

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17
Q

Why is HDL so good?

A

takes oxidized TG’s from LDL, VLDL, chylomicrons and gives esterified cholesterol

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18
Q

LDL delivers cholesterol to peripheral tissues

A

for hormone synthesis and cell membrane

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19
Q

HDL at peripheral tissue

A

picks up extra cholesterol from cells

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20
Q

ACAT does what

A

takes free cholesterol and esterifies it to stabilize it in the peripheral tissue cells

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21
Q

CE Hydrolase does what

A

in peripheral tissue cells makes esterified cholesterol free to use for steroid synthesis

22
Q

fat soluble antioxidant

A

tocopherols like vit E

- carried on LDLs

23
Q

plasma antioxidant

A

ascorbate

24
Q

rbc antioxidant

A

glutathione

25
Q

eicosanoids –>

A

prostanoids

26
Q

prostanoids include

A

Prostaglandins
Thromboxanes
Leukotrienes

27
Q

Eicosanoids:

anti-inflammatory

A

series 1 and 3

linoleic, linolenic

28
Q

Eicosanoids:

pro-inflammatory

A

arachadonic acid aka series 2

29
Q

Where do you get linoleic acid (omega6)

A

vegetables, seeds, nuts

30
Q

Where do you get alpha linolenic acid (omega3)

A

flaxseed

31
Q

Where do you get Arachadonic Acid?

A

animal fats

32
Q

Where do you get EPA/DHA?

A

fish… or from alpha-lenolenic acid

33
Q

Eicosanoids:

if increase in Delta-5 Desaturase…

A

increase proinflam cytokines
series 2 and 1
- stimulated by insulin

34
Q

Eicosanoids:

Series 1 & 3 use what enzyme to make anti-inflam enzymes?

A

Delta-6 Desaturase

35
Q

Eicosanoids are made by

A

oxidation of 20C FA’s

36
Q

Which enzymes gets Arachadonic Acid out of the phospholipid membrane of a cell?

A

Phospholipase A2

37
Q

Phospholipase A2 is stimulated and inhibited by?

A

Stimulated: Angiotensin ll, bradykinin, EPI, Thrombin
Inhibited: corticosteroids

38
Q

NSAIDS block what enzyme? from making what?

A

Cyclooxygenase

- Arachodante –> PGs, Thromboxanes

39
Q

Arachadonate –> Leukotrienes

enzyme?

A

Lipoxygenase

40
Q

Which enzyme is affected by statin drugs?

A

HMG-CoA Reductase - inhibited preventing synthesis of mevalonate and thus cholesterol

41
Q

Desmusterol –> Cholesterol

enzyme

A

Delta-24 Reductase

42
Q

Esterification of what leads to TG’s

A

Acyl CoA

43
Q

HMG-CoA –> Mevalonate

enzyme

A

HMG-CoA Reductase

44
Q

HMG-CoA –> Acetoacetate ( -> ketone)

enzyme

A

HMG-CoA Lyase

45
Q

Enzyme responsible for breakdown of TG’s in adipose cell to FFA’s
Stimulate?
Inhibit?

A

Hormone Sensitive Lipase

  • stimulated by EPI and Cortisol
  • inhibited by insulin
46
Q

Ketones are toxic to ? but can be used by what and what for E.

A

toxic to LR

- muscle and brain can use for E

47
Q

How to get Fat into Mitochondria for E?

use?

A

CPT l
CPT ll
CAT

48
Q

Where is CPT l and what does it do?

A

Outer mitochondrial membrane

- takes CoA off fat and puts carnitine on

49
Q

Where is CAT and what does it do?

A

Inner mitochondrial membrane

- delivers fat to CPT ll and recycles Carnitine

50
Q

Where is CPT ll and what does it do?

A

Inner mitochondrial membrane

- forces fat into mitochondria

51
Q

Where does metabolism of the FFA take place?

A

LR

NPLEX (24 decks)

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