Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NPLEX > Neuro ll > Flashcards

Neuro ll Flashcards

1
Q

Epidural Hematoma is caused by…

A

rupture of Middle Meningeal Artery

- usu fracture of temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Subdural Hematoma is caused by….

A

rupture of BRIDGING VEINS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Subarachnoid Hematoma is caused by…

A

rupture of aneurysm - circle of willis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage is caused by…

A

systemic HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Macular Degeneration causes degeneration of what cells?

A

RPE, Retinal Pigment Epithelium, of the eye where light bounces off then hits the rods and cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Rods or Cones for color? Which is more sensitive?

A

Cones for Color

  • rods more sensitive
  • cones more active
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens to the ciliary muscles of the eye when reading under a bright light? Para or Sympa?

A
  • contract
  • lens bulge - can see near
  • parasympathetic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CN 5 test for motor

A

clench jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What CN opens and closes the eye?

A

CN 3 opens

CN 7 closes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bell’s Palsy is associated with what CN and what foramen?

A

CN 7 - stylomastoid foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CN7 location and function?

A
  • from PONS -> Internal Acoustic Meatus -> [motor of face goes through stylomastoid foramen]
  • facial expression, lacrimation, salivation, taste
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What CN’s innervated the anterior 2/3 of tongue?

A

CN5 for touch, 7 for taste!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What CN’s innervate posterior 1/3 of tongue?

A

CN 9

  • innervates stylopharyngeus muscle - swallowing
  • and taste, touch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What CN’s innervate the very back of the tongue?

A

CN 10

- palatoglossus muscle moves the tongue UP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sensory aphasia dt problems in what area of the brain?

A

Wernickes Area

“Word salad”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Motor aphasia dt problems in what area of the brain?

A

Broca’s Area

“broca stroke, you’re tongue is broke”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What neurotransmitters inhibit motor neurons?

A

GABA, Glycine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What antioxidant is used an an Amino Acid transport system in cell membranes?

A

Glutathione

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Slowly adapting or tonic receptors detect?

A

a steady stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The Dorsal Column of the spinal cord receives sensory afferent nerves. What are the types?

A

Merkel’s Disc, Meissner, Pacinian Corpuscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Merkel’s Disc

A

Pressure - in hair follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Meissner’s Corpuscle

A

Touch - hairless skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pacinian’s Corpuscle

A

Vibration - deep in skin, ligaments, joints

24
Q

Which is more sensitive? Dorsal Column or Spinothalamic Tract?

A

Dorsal Column

25
Q

What info does the Spinothalamic Tract relay to the brain?

A

Pain and Temp

26
Q

What do Golgi Tendon Organs do?

A

located at neuromuscular jx

- measures tension and prevents muscles from over stretching by inhibiting alpha motoneuron unit

27
Q

Diencephalon consists of? is there a BBB?

A

containing the epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, and ventral thalamus and the third ventricle - at the TOP OF THE BRAINSTEM
- NO BBB

28
Q

What is the diff bet a “slow” and “fast” pain fiber? both fibers go through what?

A

“fast” - prick - to sensory homunculus
“slow” - burning - to diencephalon (thalamus)
- both go thru reticular formation

29
Q

What does the BBB let thru? how?

A

nonpolar molecules - diffusion of lipid-soluble - CO2, Hc0, NO
- polar molecules need transport

30
Q

Sulfite vs Sulfate

  • which is toxic?
  • how to rid of it?
  • which is good? why?
A
  • Sulfite is toxic - use Mo

- Sulfate is involved in phase 2 detox

31
Q

What is the major component of glutathione?

A

Cysteine

- it is sulfur containing

32
Q

What can Cysteine become?

A

Glutathione, Sulfite, Taurine

33
Q

Homocysteine, an inflammatory marker, can become what?

A

Methionine, Cystathionine (eventually Cysteine)

34
Q

Any reaction using a methyl group will need what?

A

B12 & Folic Acid

35
Q

ACh is made of what using what enzyme? and what breaks it down?

A

Acetyl-CoA + Choline —Choline Acetylase—> ACh

- Acetycholine Esterase breaks it down

36
Q

What in pesticides can cause tetany in humans and just kills bugs?

A

Acetycholine Esterase Inhibitor

37
Q

What can Tryptophan become?

What is necessary for its metabolism?

A

Serotonin -> Melatonin (happens in diencephalon)
Niacinamide (B3)

  • metabolism needs B6
38
Q

Communicating Hydrocephalus

A

NONOBSTRUCTIVE

decreased CSF reabsorbed by arachnoid granulations —> increased intracranial pressure

39
Q

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

A

NONOBSTRUCTIVE
Expansion of Ventricle - wet, wobbly, wacky
- urinary incontinence, ataxia, cognitive dysfnx

40
Q

Hydrocephalus Ex Vacuo

A

NONOBSTRUCTIVE

looks like increased CSF but just atrophy of brain

41
Q

Noncommunicating Hydrocephalus

A

OBSTRUCTIVE

blockage in ventricular system

42
Q

Subarachnoid space from brain all the way to…

A

S2

43
Q

Spinal Cord from brianstem all the way to…

A

L1-L2

44
Q

Where to do lumbar puncture?

A

“to keep the cord alive, keep the spinal needle between L3 and L5”

45
Q

What are the ascending tracts of the spinal cord and what info do they relay to the brain? (white matter)

A

SENSORY
Dorsal Column - 2-point discrim., vibration, proprioception
Lateral Spinothalamic - pain and temp
Anterior Spinothalamic - crude touch, pressure

46
Q

What are the descending tracts of the spinal cord from the brain to the periphery and what info do they relay? (white matter)

A

Lateral and Anterior Corticospinal Tracts

  • motor cortex -> upper motor neurons -> interneuron in anterior horn of gray matter -> lower motor neurons
  • VOLUNTARY MOTOR
47
Q

Lateral Corticospinal Tracts decussate at the _____, a lesion of the cortex can affect which side of the body?

A

MEDULLA/BRAINSTEM
contralateral
- versus if lesion were at the spinal cord

48
Q

Anterior Corticospinal Tracts decussate at the ______ and innervates neurons on ______ _____ of the spinal cord.

A

SPINAL CORD

both sides

49
Q

MS

A

demyelination of white matter of spinal cord usu in cervical region

50
Q

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

A

aka Lou Gehrig

  • remember Stephen Hawking
  • UMN and LMN deficits
51
Q

Which spinal tracts decussate at the medulla and which at the spinal cord?

A

Brain: LCST, DCT

Spinal Cord: ACST, LSTT, ASTT

52
Q

Syringomyelia - what tract involved

A

bilat loss of pain & temp sensation

STT destroyed bc fluid filled cyst in spinal cord

53
Q

B12 or Vit E Xu can cause… what tract involved

A

deymyelination of Dorsal Column, LCST and spinocerebellar tract
SSx: paresthesia, ataxic gait, impaired position and vibration sense

54
Q

Poliomyelitis - what tract involved

A

eti: polio virus

LMN death aka anterior horn on spinal cord

55
Q

Friedrich Ataxia

A

genetic - autosomal recessive
decrease in mitochondrial fx
- prob w FRATAXIN -> degen of spinal cord tracts
SSx: falling, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (death)

NPLEX (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions