Neuro l Flashcards
What goes through the Acoustic Meatus
CN Vll, Vlll
Mnemonic for CN sensory/motor or both?
“some say marry money but my brother says be brave, marry mary”
What goes through the Jugular Foramen?
Internal Jugular vein, CN lX, X, Xl
What goes through the Superior Orbital Fissure?
CN lll, lV, V, Vl
Cowdry Bodies seen where
Herpes Viral infx of brain
Negri Bodies seen where
Rabies Viral infx of brain
Red Neurons seen where?
acute necrosis of neuron in brain
CN lV innervates what?
Trochlear
- superior orbital muscle
Nuclei Distribution of CN’s
CN Nuclei 3-12 are located where?
Brainstem
3,4 …. midbrain
5,6,7,8 … pons
9,10,11,12 …. medulla
*1,2 located near diencephalon
unmeyelinated C fibers - what CN?
CN 1 - olfactory
What is a cause of anosmia?
fracture of cribiform plate - severs input to olfactory bulb
Do you smell ammonia?
no, it’s a sense of touch - CN V1
What is the 2nd messenger for olfaction?
cAMP
What is the 2nd messenger for vision and the rest of the brain?
cGMP
when the ciliary muscles of the eye contract what happens to the lens and what kind of vision do you accommodate for?
lens bulges
can see near
when the ciliary muscles of the eye relax what happens to the lens and what kind of vision do you accommodate for?
lens thin out
far sighted
What produces Aqueous Humor in the Eye?
Where is the Aq Humor located?
- ciliary body
- anterior chamber
Damage to optic chiasm causes?
bilateral temporal hemianopsia
Damage to right optic tract causes?
lost of LEFT visual field
Damage to left optic nerve causes?
loss of LEFT eye vision
PAM is Horny
Ptosis, Anhidrosis, Miosis
in Horner’s Syndrome
- lesion of spinal cord above T1
Sensory Nuclei of the CN’s are located where?
Lateral Nuclei - aLar plate - of brainstem
Motor Nuclei of CN’s are located where?
Medial nuclei - Motor - at basal plate
What CN nuclei are located in the PONS?
Midbrain?
Medulla?
Spinal Cord?
PONS - 5, 6, 7, 8
MIDBRAIN - 3,4
MEDULLA - 9,10,12
SPINAL CORD - 11
PARKINSON mnemonic
parkinson TRAPS your body - degeneration of CNS
- Tremors, Rigidity, Akinesia, Postural instability, Shuffling gait
- akinesia or bradykinesia is loss of voluntary movement
What dz is genetic and characterized by Atrophy of Caudate and decreased levels of GABA and ACh
Huntington Dz
Resting Tremor relieved with voluntary movement is asso w what Dz?
Parkinson Dz - basal ganglia - think no negative feedback
Intention Tremor assoc w problems where?
Cerebellum
eyelid twitch is what movement disorder?
Dystonia (improper tone)
Lesion of what part of the brain can cause Hemiballismus?
Contralateral Subthalamic Nucleus
Basal Ganglia
involved in?
receives input from?
voluntary movements and postural adjustments
- cortex
Striatum consists of?
putamen and caudate
which pathway disinhibits the thalamus and stimulates motion by release of GABA
excitatory pathway of the basal ganglia
Caudate is involved in what?
tail of basal ganglia
- cognition
(whereas, putamen is motor)
VPM is the major relay for sensory info from the ____ to the _____?
Face - input from trigeminal - CN V
- to primary somatosensory cortex
VPL is the major relay for sensory info from the ____ to the _____?
pain and temp
- to primary somatosensory cortex
LGN or LGB is the major relay for sensory info from the ____ to the _____?
input from CN ll - vision
- Calcarine sulcus
MGN or MGB is the major relay for sensory info from the ____ to the _____?
hearing
- auditory cortex of temporal lobe
VL is the major relay for sensory info from the ____ to the _____?
motor - input from basal ganglia
- to motor cortex
Lesions of the Basal Ganglia can cause what sorts of movement disorders?
Chorea, Athetosis
- athetosis - like a snake - “without position”
Berry Aneurysm MC artery? complication?
Anterior Communicating & Anterior Cerebral —> subarachnoid hemorrhage or stroke
What dz is characterized by Chronic HTN that affects small vessels in brain causing aneurysm(s)?
Charcot-Bouchard microaneurysm
What Dz is characterized by neuropathic pain (allodynia, dysaesthesia) dt Thalamic Lesions?
Central Post-Stroke pain syndrome
What Dz is characterized by B1 Xu and excessive booze drinking that causes lesions in Mammillary bodies of the brain (located between pituitary and brain stem)
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome mnemonic for Sxs?
Wernicke problems come in CAN of beer:
Confusion, Ataxia, Nystagmus
Kluver-Bucy Syndrome is assoc with what?
Amygdala lesion and HSV-1
Inability to make new memories dt lesion in what part of the brain?
Hippocampus
“From low to high, your pons will die” - assoc w what Dz?
Central Pontine Myelinolysis
- caused by overly rapid correction of hyponatremia
“from high to low, your brain will blow” – edema, herniation of brain
Stroke of Middle Cerebral Artery affects what part of brain? Sxs?
- motor and sensory cortex, temporal and frontal lobe (SUPPLIES LATERAL SURFACE)
- UPPER limbs/face
- CONTRALATERAL LOS, paralysis
Stroke of Anterior Cerebral Artery affects what part of brain? Sxs?
- motor and sensory cortex of LOWER limbs
- CONTRALATERAL LOS, paralysis
Stroke of Lenticulo-striate Artery affects what part of brain? Sxs?
comes off MCA
- CONTRALATERAL hemiparesis/plegia
Stroke of Anterior Spinal Artery affects what part of brain? Sxs?
- CONTRALATERAL hemiparesis (upper and lower), decrease proprioception
- tongue deviates ipsilaterally (hypoglossal N.)
- MEDIAL MEDULLARY SYNDROME
Stroke of Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery affects what part of brain? Sxs?
- affects lateral medulla
- LATERAL MEDULLARY SYNDROME
- “Don’t PICA horse that can’t eat”
Stroke of Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery affects what part of brain? Sxs?
LATERAL PONTINE SYNDROME
- “Facial Droop means AICA’s pooped”
- ipsilateral Horner’s Syndrome
Stroke of Posterior Cerebral Artery affects what part of brain? Sxs?
supplies posterior and inferior surfaces - so occipital/visual
- CONTRALATERAL hemianopia
Stroke of Basilar Artery affects what part of brain? Sxs?
“locked-in syndrome”
