Neuro exam (cranial nerves) Flashcards
What are two tests for vision?
Tracking an object and Menace response
What are two tests for assessing light?
Pupillary light response and the Dazzle response
Describe the pathway of the menace response
Begins in the optic nerve/ optic chiasm, goes to the thalamus, then goes to the visual cortex -> motor cortex -> pons -> cerebellum and then to the facial nerve which closes the eye
Describe the pathway of a response to light
optic nerve/ optic chiasm -> rostral colliculus -> the oculomotor nerve ->
What nerve is there a problem with if neither the menace response or the response to light works
There must be a problem with the optic nerve
What are some symptoms of horner syndrome?
Constriction of the eye (myosis)
3rd eyelid protrusion
Sunken globe
Narrowed palpebral appeture
What is the pathway of horner syndrome?
Hypothalamus -> grey matter of the spinal cord -> vagosympathetic trunk -> middle ear -> Cavernous sinus -> Travels through the trigeminal nerve
What is nystagmus?
When the eye stays in position even when the head is moving
Why does lateral strabismus of the eye occur when the oculomotor nerve is damaged?
The oculomotor nerve innervates all of the extra-ocular muscles apart from the lateral muscle which is innervated by the abducens nerve
What effect does the trochlear nerve have on the eye?
It twists the eyeball (more noticeable in animals that have slitted pupils)
What is one test you can use to assess facial sensation/ trigeminal nerve?
Tickling the nose/ ears
What is the difference between the facial nerve and the trigeminal nerve?
Facial nerve assesses facial sensation and the trigeminal nerve assesses facial movement
What nerves control swallowing/ the gag reflex?
Cranial nerves 9 + 10, glossopharyngeal and vagus
What cranial nerve controls oesophageal function, regurgitating and meowing/ barking?
Cranial nerve 10 (vagus)
