Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

VMS 1006 > Functional anatomy of The Brain > Flashcards

Functional anatomy of The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What derived brain structure makes up the Telencephalon?

A

The Cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What derived brain structures make up the Diencephalon?

A

Thalamus and the Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What derived brain structures make up the Mesencephalon?

A

The midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What derived brain structures make up the metencephalon?

A

The pons and the cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What derived brain structures make up the Myelencephalon?

A

The medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What divides the cerebral hemispheres into two?

A

The longitudinal cerebral fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the names of the outward and inward folds found on each hemisphere?

A

gyri (ridges) and sulci (grooves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of the cerebrum?

A

It initiates voluntary skeletal muscle movements, stores memory, voluntary motor control, behaviour and mental status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What makes up grey matter in the brain?

A

Grey matter is made up of neuronal cell bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the basal nuclei?

A

Masses of grey matter located deep in the brain (hippocampus), responsible for musculoskeletal activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What makes up white matter?

A

White matter is made up of myelinated nerve fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are three different types of white matter fibres?

A

Association fibres, Commissural fibres and projection fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are association fibres?

A

Fibres that connect adjacent gyri (cell bodies lie in the cortex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are commissural fibres?

A

Fibres that connect the two hemispheres (corpus callosum is the region containing these fibres), cell bodies lie in the cortex (grey matter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are projection fibres?

A

Fibres that connect the cortex with other parts of the brain/spinal cord (more or less vertically)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some characteristics of the cerebral cortex?

A

It is acquired late in vertebral evolution, most complex/ integrating area of the brain and it is concerned with those nervous reactions that result in consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 3 main sections of the cerebral cortex?

A

Motor cortex, Sensory cortex and association cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of the motor cortex?

A

Initiates non-reflex movements, it is contralateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of the sensory cortex?

A

Deals with sensory perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of the Association cortex?

A

It is the site of complex memory integration, planning, self-awareness, language and personality traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the functional lobes of the cerebrum?

A

Frontal, occipital, parietal, temporal and piriform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does the frontal lobe contain?

A

It contains part of the motor cortex associated with voluntary movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does the occipital lobe contain?

A

The occipital lobe functions as a visual cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does the parietal lobe contain?

A

The somato-sensory cortex (controls localisation of pain, touch and temperature)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

Has an auditory function as well as behaviour and memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the piriform lobe associated with?

A

Associated with conscious olfaction, it receives olfactory input from the olfactory bulb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What structures make up the brain stem?

A

The mesencephalon (midbrain), ventral metencephalon (pons), the Myelencephalon (medulla oblongata) and the Diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the name of the ventricle that separates nuclei in the diencephalon?

A

The Third Ventricle

29
Q

What are the four regions of the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, epithalamus and and subthalamus

30
Q

What is the interthalamic adhesion?

A

Band of connective tissue that connects both sides of the thalamus

31
Q

What occurs on the ventral side of the thalamus?

A

Optic nerves form the optic chiasm of the diencephalon

32
Q

What nerve runs rostral to the optic chiasm?

A

The optic nerve

33
Q

What is the function of mesencephalon/ midbrain?

A

It connects lower brain centres/ the spinal cord with higher brain centres

34
Q

What is the larger rostral colliculus?

A

a visual reflex centre

35
Q

What is the smaller caudal colliculus?

A

an auditory reflex centre

36
Q

Where does the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve 3) arise from?

A

The oculomotor nerve arises from cerebral peduncles just caudal to the mammillary body

37
Q

Where does the trochlear (cranial nerve 4) arise from?

A

From the caudal colliculli

38
Q

What does the mesencephalic aqueduct connect?

A

The mesencephalic aqueduct is a ventricular tube that connects the third and fourth ventricles

39
Q

What nerve does the ventral metencephalon (pons) give rise to?

A

The rostral end contains the forth ventricle and gives rise to the Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve 5)

40
Q

What are cerebellar peduncles?

A

Structure that connects the cerebellum to the brainstem and cerebrum

41
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

maintenance of balance and coordination, controlling/adjusting body movements

42
Q

How many cranial nerves does the medulla oblongata give rise to?

A

7/12

43
Q

What is the Dura mater?

A

The thick outer layer of the brain (fibrous)

44
Q

What is the arachnoid layer of the brain?

A

The thin middle layer, it is made up of non-vascular connective tissue with fine filaments that connect the subarachnoid space with the pia mater

45
Q

What is the pia mater layer of the brain?

A

The innermost, vascular layer, it firmly attaches to the underlying nervous tissue

46
Q

What two meninges contain the leptomeninges?

A

The arachnoid and pia mater

47
Q

What is the space between the pia mater and arachnoid?

A

The subarachnoid space, it is full of CSF and contains a fine network of connective tissue fibres that originate from the arachnoid

48
Q

Where are the ventricles of the brain derived from?

A

They are derived from the fluid-filled centre of the embryonic neural tube

49
Q

What are the ventricles of the brain?

A

A series of interconnected cavities in the core of the brain that have an ependymal cell lining and are filled with CSF

50
Q

How many ventricles does the cavity form?

A

Four

51
Q

What is the name of the two most rostral ventricles?

A

Lateral ventricles (first and second0

52
Q

What is the function of the interventricular foramen?

A

Connects the lateral ventricles with the third ventricle

53
Q

What does the caudal end of the fourth ventricle merge with after it narrows?

A

The central canal

54
Q

What produces CSF?

A

small arterioles and arteries in the leptomeninges and choroid plexus in the ventricles

55
Q

What are the three main routes that CSF is drained from the brain?

A

Venules of the subarachnoid space, by the lymphatic vessels and into venous sinuses of the brain

56
Q

What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid?

A

It gives the brain buoyancy/support- protects the brain from trauma and helps to provide the brain with nutrients

57
Q

Where does the sensory olfactory nerve run from?

A

It runs from the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulb on the ventral side of the cerebrum

58
Q

Where does the sensory optic nerve run from?

A

It runs from the eyes to the thalamus

59
Q

Where do the arteries that supply the cerebrum and cerebellum come from?

A

They are branches of vessels found on the ventral side of the brain

60
Q

Where does all species blood pool before entering the brain?

A

The circle of willis

61
Q

What are the 4 main arteries that supply blood to the brain?

A

Internal carotid, Maxillary, Basilar and Vertebral

62
Q

Where does the basilar artery come from?

A

The vestibular artery

63
Q

What artery originates from the basilar artery?

A

The caudal cerebellar

64
Q

What four arteries arise from the cerebral arterial circle?

A

The rostral, middle and Caudal cerebral, and the rostral cerebellar

65
Q

What artery supplies the cerebral arterial circle in the sheep and cat?

A

The maxillary artery (via the rete mirabile after it anastomoses with the internal carotid artery)

66
Q

What artery supplies the medulla oblongata in the sheep and cat?

A

The vertebral artery

67
Q

Where does the cerebral arterial circle receive blood from in the ox?

A

Internal carotid, Maxillary, occipital and vertebral arteries

68
Q

What is the function of the brain ventricles?

A

To produce and secrete cerebrospinalfluid

VMS 1006 (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions