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VMS 1006 > Excitotoxicity > Flashcards

Excitotoxicity Flashcards

1
Q

What is a potential consequence of too much excitation/ signalling?

A

seizures

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2
Q

What type of neurotransmitter is glutamate?

A

excitatory

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3
Q

What type of neurotransmitter is GABA?

A

inhibitory

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4
Q

What is an ionotropic receptor?

A

Fast, both NMDA and AMPA receptors

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5
Q

What is a metabotropic receptor/ GPCR?

A

Slow

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6
Q

What is a Glutamate transporter?

A

helps remove excess glutamate

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7
Q

What does glutamate do when it binds to the post-synaptic membrane?

A

The binding opens an Na+ channel and causes an influx (EPSP)

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8
Q

What is a GABA A receptor?

A

A fast ionotropic receptor that is linked to Cl- channels

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9
Q

What is a GABA B receptor?

A

A slow metabotropic receptor that is mediated by K+ channels

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10
Q

What is the definition of a seizure?

A

The clinical manifestation of an abnormal and excessive excitation of the population of a neuron

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11
Q

What is Epilepsy?

A

A situation in which there is recurrent episodes of seizure which is unprovoked by any systemic or acute pathology

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12
Q

What is a seizure?

A

Prolonged opening of glutamate receptors and continuous depolarisation which can cause the cell to swell and rupture

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13
Q

What does Ivermectin do?

A

Opens invertebrate specific glutamate chloride channels in the post-synaptic membrane leading to hyperpolarisation, paralysis and death

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14
Q

What is the most abundant neurotransmitter in the brain?

A

Glutamate

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15
Q

What occurs when glutamate binds to an ionotropic glutamate receptor?

A

Na+ enters, depolarisation, EPSP formed

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16
Q

What does GABA b do in terms of ion movement?

A

efflux of K+

17
Q

What is another excitatory neurotransmitter

not glutamate

A

aspirate

18
Q

What is one way we can reduce the excitation of a neuron?

A

an inhibiotry neuron binds to the excitatory neurone

this gives negative feedback and reduces signalling

19
Q

What is a tonic seizure?

A

arching of back, sustained contraction

20
Q

What is a clonic seizure?

A

Rhythmic contraction

21
Q

What is the difference between a simple vs complex seizure?

A

patient is conscious/ patient is unconscious

22
Q

How does a seizure begin?

in terms of neurons/ receptors

A

prolonged opening of glutamate receptors/ continuous depolarisation
this causes the cell to swell and ruture
Toxic build up of intracellular Ca2+
Too many Ca mediated proteases= cell death

VMS 1006 (31 decks)

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