Histology of the NS I

Question 1

What is the name of the substance that surrounds the nucleolus of the neuron?

Answer 1

Nissl substance which is chromatophillic

Question 2

What are sensory neurons?

Answer 2

Afferent neurons that transmit changes in body to the brain

Question 3

What are interneurons?

Answer 3

They lie between the sensory and motor neurons, process, store and retrieve information

Question 4

What are motor neurons?

Answer 4

efferent neurones that send signals out to muscles and glands

Question 5

What kind of neurons do mammals have?

Answer 5

initially bipolar but becomes unipolar as the animal develops

Question 6

What do multipolar neurons look like?

Answer 6

single axon with many dendrites

they are typically efferent motor neurons

Question 7

What do multipolar neurons look like?

Answer 7

single axon with many dendrites

they are typically efferent motor neurons

Question 8

What do multipolar neurons look like?

Answer 8

single axon with many dendrites

they are typically efferent motor neurons

Question 9

What do neuroglia have an important role in?

Answer 9

important role in neural development, activity, plasticity and recovery from injury

Question 10

What are the two types of astrocytes?

Answer 10

white matter fibrous astrocytes, long and slender with branched processes
Grey matter protoplamsic astrocytes

Question 11

What are some of the functions of astrocytes?

Answer 11

They provide support to the neurons via glia fibrils
Immune function
store glycogen and release glucose

Question 12

What are oligodendrocytes?

Answer 12

small, spherical and densely staining nuclei with few branches

Question 13

What are microglia?

Answer 13

small, elongated chromophillic nuclei that synthesise and release tropic factors

Question 14

What makes up the white matter?

Answer 14

Dense accumulation of myelinated axons
/ collection of tracts

Question 15

What makes up grey matter?

Answer 15

Rich in neuronal bodies, glial cells and neuropil

neuropil= axons

Question 16

What are the two types of fibres that you may find in the cerebellum?

Answer 16

Climbing fibres and mossy fibres

Question 17

What makes up the dura matar?

Answer 17

thick collagen bundles and elastic fibres
The inner layer contains flattened fibrocyes

Question 18

Where is the majority of sensory ganglia located?

Answer 18

located in roots of cranial and spinal nerves

Question 19

Where do pseudounipolar bifuricate?

Answer 19

They bifuricate into central and peripheral systens

Question 20

What does neuroglia mean?

Answer 20

‘Brain glue’ they hold all the cells together

Question 21

What is neuroglia important in?

Answer 21

development, activity, plasticity and recovery from injury

small cells in comparison to neurons- originate from ectoderm

Question 22

What do the ependymal cells line?

Answer 22

they line the ventricular cavities within the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord

Question 23

Where is the choroid plexus found?

Answer 23

It is located in the brain ventricles

Question 24

What is the name of the neuroglia that can transform into macrophages?

Answer 24

Microglia

Question 25

What is the main role of microglia?

Answer 25

Phagocytic/ autoimmunity

Question 26

What are pericytes associated with?

Answer 26

Pericytes are associated with capillaries as part of the blood brain barrier

Question 27

Where are tanycytes found?

Answer 27

In the third ventricle, hence may have a relation to the hypothalamus

Question 28

Where are neurolemmocytes (Schwann cells) derived from?

Answer 28

They are derived from the neural crest

Question 29

What part of the brain has a purkinjie cell layer?

Answer 29

The cerebellum

Purkinjie cells are surrounded by basket cells

Question 30

What is the inner cell layer of the cerebellum?

Answer 30

contains densley packed granule cells

Question 31

What are the climbing fibres of the cerebellum?

Answer 31

each fibre makes numerous synpases on one dendritic tree

they carry ‘error signals’

Question 32

What are the mossy fibres of the cerebellum?

Answer 32

connect with the granular cells and feed sensory information to the cerebellum

Question 33

What part of the brain does not have distinct layers?

Answer 33

The thalamus

Question 34

What makes up the hippocampus?

Answer 34

Two interlocking sections of grey matter

hippocampus proper, dentate gyrus

Question 35

How many different sub-regions does the hippocampus have?

Answer 35

It has 4 different sub-regions

Question 36

What is the function of the brain stem?

Answer 36

cardiovascular and respiratory control (basal body activity)