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VMS 1006 > Comparative anatomy of the haemopoietic system > Flashcards

Comparative anatomy of the haemopoietic system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Haemopoietic system?

A

organs and tissues involved in the production of cellular blood
components

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2
Q

What is Haematopoiesis?

A

production of blood cells

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3
Q

What is red bone marrow?

A

has a haematopoietic function, richly vascularised

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4
Q

What kind of bone marrow is found in young mammals?

A

Red bone Marrow

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5
Q

What is yellow bone marrow predominantly?

A

Fat, but it has haematopoietic potential

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6
Q

Where does excess fluid drain into?

A

lymphatic vessels (lymph)

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7
Q

What is the main function of the thoracic duct?

A

transport lymph back into the circulatory system

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8
Q

where does the thoracic duct drain into?

A

left branches of the vena cava, e.g subclavian vein, left jugular and brachiocephalic vein

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9
Q

What kind of pressure does lymph flow at?

A

low pressure as lymphatics are thin walled and can readily collapse

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10
Q

What is the function of Haemal nodes?

A

to filter blood (they contain blood sinuses and are most common in ruminants)

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11
Q

What is the difference between MALT and lymph nodes?

A

MALT
: does not have a capsule
: has a closer relationship to the epithelial surface
: positioned at the origin of the lymphatic drainage pathway

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12
Q

where are the majority of peyers patches found?

A

illeum and jejunum

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13
Q

how can you distinguish peyers patches?

A

they do not have any villi covering them

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14
Q

Where in the abdomen is the spleen found?

A

the left cranial part, attached to the greater curvature of the stomach via the gastrosplenic ligament

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15
Q

What artery and vein supplies the spleen?

A

splenic artery and vein

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16
Q

What is the spleen parenchyma divided into?

A

red and white pulp

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17
Q

What is the red pulp in the spleen?

A

venous sinuses

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18
Q

What is the white pulp in the spleen?

A

lymph nodules

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19
Q

What is the main function of the thymus?

A

control organ of immune and lymphatic systems (produces large amounts of T cells)

20
Q

What is the Bursa of Fabricus?

A

Site of B-Lymphocyte production found only in birds

21
Q

What are haemal nodes?

A

Lymph nodes found in blood vessels

22
Q

What is one difference between lymph nodes and MALT

A

MALT do not have capsules and they are closer to the epithelial surface

23
Q

What are the main functions of the spleen?

A

Blood storage, Blood filtration, Destruction of old RBC’s, and production of lymphocytes

24
Q

What is the main function of the thymus?

A

Primary lymphoid organ, produces T cells

25
Q

What is the species difference of lymph nodes in pigs?

A

They have central cortical tissue, so the afferent vessels penetrate the capsule near a hilus instead then emerge from the periphery

26
Q

In what animals are haemal nodes most common?

A

Sheep and cattle

27
Q

What are some species differences in the splenic artery and vein?

A

In dogs and cats, the splenic arteries divide as they approach the organ
In ruminants they pass through undivided and in horses and pigs they branch at intervals

28
Q

What is the function of the thymus capillaries having a blood-thymus barrier?

A

Prevents T-cells in the capillaries from being exposed to antigens in the blood

29
Q

What are primary lymphatic organs?

A

Where lymphocytes are formed and mature, e.g red bone marrow and the thymus gland

30
Q

What do primary lymphatic organs provide an environment for?

A

They provide an environment for Stem cells to divide and mature into B and T cells

31
Q

What are secondary lymphoid tissues?

A

They are filters, they monitor the content of extracellular fluids (e.g lymph nodes, the spleen and MALT)

32
Q

What animal has a bursa of fabricius as a primary lymphoid organ

A

Birds

33
Q

What secondary lymphoid organs do birds have?

A

Spleen, Bone marrow and intestinal lymphoid tissue

34
Q

What birds have lymph nodes and where are they?

A

ducks and geese, they have 2 primitive pairs near the thyroid gland and the kidneys

35
Q

What does the bursa of fabricius look like?

A

Contains folds of lymphoid tissue, it is thick walled in domestic fowl, thin and saclike in budgies, canaries etc.

36
Q

What does the spleen look like in birds?

A

It is found in the right coelom, quite small and can be oval/triangular or elongated

37
Q

What is a lymph heart and what animals have it?

A

A lymph heart is an organ that pumps lymph around the body, it is found in reptiles

38
Q

What organ in the fish is a haematopoietic organ?

A

The cephalic/ cranial kidney

39
Q

Where do reptiles have their paired thymus glands?

A

Either side of the neck in lizards and just cranial to the heart in snakes

40
Q

What animals lack lymph nodes?

A

Amphibians

41
Q

What animals have a functioning thymus throughout their whole life?

A

Amphibians

42
Q

What is another name for a lymph nodule?

A

germinal centre

43
Q

What does the thymus look like in birds?

A

3-8 pale lobes near the jugular vein

44
Q

What is the purpose of the thoracic ducts either side of the spine?

A

They drain the lymph from the hindlimb and abdominal vessels then deliver it into the jugular veins at the base of the neck

45
Q

What is the morphology of the spleen like in different species?

A
  • Dumbbell-shape in dog and cat
  • Strap-like in pig
  • Broad oblong in cattle
  • Hooked in horse
46
Q

What are some species differences of Reptiles?

A

They lack lymph nodes so they have lymph hearts
Thymus is present throughout their entire life however it does get smaller over time
The lymph system is associated with the blood system so you may get lymph when sampling blood

47
Q

What type of animals have GALT?

A

Amphibians

VMS 1006 (31 decks)

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