Networking Basics Flashcards
Five minutes of downtime for the entire year
This equates to 99.999% uptime yearly
Network Interface Card (NIC)
Provides an ethernet connection to the network
Hub
Hs a number of different ports, between 4 and 48 ports. Uses a wired interface with RJ45 connectors. Can operate from 10Mb/s up to 100Mb/s. Slows down the entire connection because a lot of collisions can happen. Everything sent to a host can be listed to by all devices connected to the Hub.
Switches
Smart hubs that remember the ports that are connected to them. The switch remembers who is connected to the specified port. It can have multiple people talking at one time.
Unmanaged Switch
Performs its functions without requiring a configuration. Generally used in small office environments.
Managed Switch
Performs its functions with configurations. Mostly used for larger organizations.
Wireless Access Point
Device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network
Router
Used to connect different networks together. Ex. Connecting your LAN and your computers out to the internet, which will connect thru your ISP.
Firewall
Scans and blocks traffic that enters or leaves a network. Rules can be set in the firewall
Patch Panel
Device that allows cable network jacks from a wall into a central area. It is cost efficient
Power over Ethernet (PoE)
Supplies electrical power from a switch port over an ordinary data cable to a power device. Can use a single cable to provide power and data to a device. These come in 3 different varieties:
802.3af
802.3at
802.3bt
802.3af
Allows the least amount of power to be drawn (13W)
802.3at (PoE+)
Allows power devices to draw up to 15W
802.3bt (PoE++)
used to supply power of up to 51W (type 3) or 73W (Type 4)
Power over Ethernet (PoE) requires the following to work…
-Switch that supports PoE
-Proper cabling in place for support (Cat 6 or above)
-Power device to use the data and power coming from the ethernet cable
Power injector
Plugs into a wall outlet to get power. (See image)
Cable Modem
Device that translates coaxial cable signals into radial frequency waves.
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL Modem)
Device that translates coaxial cable signals into phone lines
Optical Network Terminal (ONT)
Terminates fiber connections. used for fiber connections, when it comes into the ONT, it converts the light signal coming from the fiber cable into electrical signals to be used by the gateway
Software Defined Networking (SDN)
Way of virtualizing the network hardware
Personal Arena Network (PAN)
Smallest type of wired or wireless network and covers the least amount of area. Covers about 10 feet or less. Ex. Bluetooth, USB connections
Local Area Network (LAN)
Connects components within a limited distance. Up to about 100 meters/300 feet
Campus Area Network (CAN)
Connects LANs that are building-crentric across a university, industrial park, or business park
Metropolitan Arean Network (MAN)
Connects scattered locations across a city or metro area. Covers up to 25 miles
Wide Arena Network (WAN)
Connects geographically disparate internal networks and consists of leased lines or VPNs. Worldwide coverage. They don’t always have to be public and can be private
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
A wireless distribution method for two or more devices that creates a local area network using wireless frequencies
Storage Area Network (SAN)
Provisions access to configurable pools of storage devices that can be used by application servers
Small Office, Home Office (SoHo) LAN
Uses a centralized server or simply provides clients access to local devices like printers, file storage, or the Internet. Business oriented network, generally a smaller scaled network.
Internet of Things (IoT)
A global network of appliances and personal devices that have been equipped with sensors, software, and network connectivity to reports state and configuration. These devices should be separated and segmented off from the business network
Hub and control system
Used as a central point of communication for the controlling of IoT devices
Smart devices
IoT endpoints that will connect to the central hub to provide some kind of function
Wearables
IoT devices that can be wore (ex. Smartwatches)
Sensors
Used to measure lots of different things. (ex. temperature, proximity)
Twisted pair cables
The twist is really important, the more twist is has the more protection it has against electromagnetic interference which will make it faster. The higher the category number, the higher the speed
UTP Cable
Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable. It is the industry standard, cheaper than STP.
STP Cable
Shielded Twisted Pair Cable. Each twisted pair inside the cable sheet is wrapped inside a metal foil.
STP and UTP
Operate about the same. Difference is STP has lees electromagnetic interference
Connector types for cables
RJ45
-Most common. Plastic 8 pin connector. Look like a fatter version of a traditional lan phone line. Used all the time in ethernet based connections. Cat5 cable only uses 4 of the 8 pins.
RJ11
-6 pin connector. Only 2 of those pins are going to be used. Commonly used for phones.
Registered Jack (RJ)
Carries voice or data which specifies the standards a device needs to meet in order to connect to the phone or data network
Bandwidth
The theoretical measure of how much data could be transferred from a source to its destination
Trhoughput
The actual measure of how much data successfully transferred from a source to its destination
Ethernet Standard
A designation given to a particular category that provides the ability to understand the bandwidth and the cable type to be used.
Cat 5 (Fast Ethernet)
Standard: 100BASE-TX (100Mb/s)
Bandwidth: 100 Mbps
Distance: 100 meters
Cat 5e (Gigabit Ethernet)
Standard: 1000BASE-T
Bandwidth: 1000 Mbps
Distance: 100 meters
Cat 6
Standard: 1000BASE-T / 10GBASE-T
Bandwidth: 1000 Mbps / 10 Gbps
Distance: 100 meters / 55 meters
Cat 6a
Standard: 10GBASE-T
Bandwidth: 10 Gbps
Distance: 100 meters
Cat 7
Standard: 10GBASE-T
Bandwidth: 10 Gbps
Distance: 100 meters
Cat8
Standard: 40GBASE-T
Bandwidth: 40 Gbps
Distance: 30 meters
Trick question for cables
Check section 10, point 74!
intermediate distribution frame
Keep cable runs under 70 meters from the IDF to the office!
Straight-Through Cable (Patch Cable)
Contains the exact same pinouts on both ends of the cable. 568B is the preferred standard when wiring jacks inside buildings
Crossover Cable
Swaps the send and receive pins on the other end of the cable when the connector and its pinout are created. One end has a 568B and the other end has a 568A. A switch to a switch connection requires a crossover cable.
Medium Dependent Interface (MDIX)
An automated way to electronically simulate using a crossover cable
Important for crossover cables!!!
Memorize the crossover pattern (See section 10, object 74, 17:40 min mark)
Direct Burial
A cable rating that specifies that a cable has a stronger sheathing and jacker that can withstand more extreme weather conditions
Plenum Cable
A special coating put on a UTP or STP cable that provides a fire-retardant chemical layer to the outer insulating jacket. They are for ceilings, walls, raised floors, or air ducts. You cannot use non-plenum cables for this!
Fiber Optic Cable
Uses light from an LED or laser to transmit information through a thing glass fiber. Greater usable range, greater data capacity. Used in a lot of extremely fast networks
Drawbacks of fiber
-Expensive
-Difficult to work with
Single Mode Fiber (SMF)
Used for longer distances and has smaller core size which allows for only a single mode of travel for the light signal. core size is 8.3 to 10 microns in diameter. More expensive. Yellow sheathe cables.
Multimode Fiber (MMF)
Used for shorter distances and has a larger core size which allows for multiple modes of travel for the light signal. Core size is 50 to 100 microns in diameter. Up to 2 kilometers or less. Les expensive. Aqua blue cable
Fiber cable connectors (NEED TO LEARN SHAPES FOR EXAM)
-SC (Subscriber Connector) “Stick and Click”
-ST (Straight Tip Connector) “Stick and Twist”
-LC (Lucent Connector) “Love Connector”
-MTRJ (Mechanical transfer registered jack)
Coaxial Cable (Coax)
One of the oldest categories of copper media that is still used in networking today. They have F-type and BNC connectors
Twinaxial Cable
Similar to coaxial cable but uses two inner conductors to carry the data instead of just one. Used for very short-range, high-speed devices
Snip/Cutter
Used to cut a piece of cable off a larger spool or run of cable
Cable Stripper
Used to strip off the end of the cable and prepare it for attachment to a connector
Cable Crimper
Used to attach the connector to the end of the cable
Cable tester
Used to verify the continuity of each of the eight individual wires inside of a twisted pair cable
Wire Mapping Tool
Works like a cable tester, but specifically for twisted pair ethernet cables
Cable certifier
Used to determine a cable’s category or data throughput
Punch-Down Block
Terminates the wires and strips off excess insultation and extra wires that are no longer needed
Tone Generator/Toner Probe
Used to generate a tone on one end of the connection and use the probe to audibly detect the wire connected on the other side
Loopback Adapter/Device
Facilitates the testing of simple networking issues
Tap
Connects directly to the cable infrastructure and splits or copies those packets for analysis, security, or general network management
Wireless ANalyzer
Ensures proper coverage and prevents overlap between wireless access point coverage zones and channels
