Nervous System Flashcards
List the structural/functional components of a neuron:
cell body (perikaryon): cell nutrition and care
nerve cell process:
dendrites: recieve info
axon: transmit info
synaptic junctions (synapse): where info is transfered
List the three common types of neurons.
List the three common types of neurons.
- Unipolar
- Bipolar
- Multipolar
*** note shape of cell body can be different to
- round or oval- neurons and cerebellum
- pyrimidal-brain cortex
- stellate (star)- motor neurons in spinal cord
Define an excitatory and inhibitory neurons.
excitatory neurons: enhance activity
inhibitory neurons: reduce activity
Draw and label the major parts of a multipolar neuron
List central and peripheral neuroglia cells
Neuroglia= supporting cells within brain
Central
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Ependymal cells
Microglian
Peripheral
Schwan cells
Satelite cells
Define: spina bifida, hydrocephalus.
Identify major components of brain
Brain
- Cerebrum
- Cerebellum- coordinates body movement
- Brain stem
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
Cerebrum
Cerebrum
- basically the BRAIN!
- elevations called gyri and depressions called sulcus
Identify and explain
Cerebellum
Cerebral cortex= Grey matter
- molecular layer- outer most
- basket cells
- ganglionic layer
- perkinje cells
- granular layer- purpley
- granule cells
White matter= core
***Note- in cerebellum, elevations are folia and depressions are sulci
Brain Stem
Brain Stem
- Medulla oblangata-
- Thalmus- integration center
- Hypothalmus- control center of pituitary
** Nucleus= collection of neurons in the CNS
Talk about spinal cord
Spinal Cord
- grey matter- inside
- dorsal horns-sensory neurons and glia
- intermediate grey- autonomic neurons
- ventral horns- motor neurons and glia
- multipolar motor neurons extend as ventral roots to innervate skeletal muscle
- white matter-outside
- dorsal lateral and ventral funiculi- axons and glia
- central canal
- meniges
- dorsal and ventral nerve roots
List the components of the meninges and their basic functions.
Meninges= layers covering/supporting CNS
- Dura mater- outer layer very durable
- Leptomeninx- two layers
- Arachnoid- below it is the subarachnoid space full of CSF
- Pia mater- highly vascular, adherent to brain and spinal cord
List the CNS spaces containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). BRIEFLY explain the production and drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
CSF
- produced and drained away 3 times a day!
- formed in Choroid Plexus
- drained at arachnoid granulations/villi
Nerve endings
Nerve endings
free nerve endings
- nocioceptors-pain/itch
- thermoreceptors- temp
encapsulated nerve endings
- meissner’s corpuscle- fine touch
- krause corpuscle- pressure
- picinian corpuscle- deep pressure
- muscle spindle- proprioception
Grey matter vs White matter
Grey matter: parts of CNS rich in cell bodies but limited numbers of myelinated axons
White matter: region rich in myelinated axons
Identify
Neuron Soma
- Nissl substance- RER and ribosomes (looks granular)
- lipofuuscin- wear and tear pigment
Neuron distribution (4)
Neuron distribution (4)
- individual
- layers
- ganglia (PNS)
- nuclei (CNS)
types of synapse (3)
axosomatic: axon with cell body
axodendritic: axon with dendrite
axoaxonic: axon with axon hillock
Identify
picinian corpuscle- pressure
Identify
Identify
Neuroglial cells
Astrocytes
- Structure “fibroblast equivenlent of CNS”
- GFAP stain
- only see nucleus but there are tons of dendrites
- function
- transport nutrients
- neurotransmitter uptake
- part of blood brain barrier
- antigen presentation
Identify
Neuroglial Cells
Oligondendrocytes
- Structure: dense and dark
- Function: Myelin in CNS (maintain and develop)
***can be destroyed by viruses/toxins resulting in demyleination
Identify
Neuroglial Cells
Microglia
- Structure: smallest cell in system.
- Function: resident macrophages of CNS
- when activated during necrosis/inflamation they are called ‘gitter cells’
Identify
Neuroglial cells
Ependymal cells
- Structure: located wherever there is an empty cavity in CNS
- ciliated cuboidal cells lining neural canal
- Function: formation of CSF
***choroid plexus=
Identify
Myelin
Myelin
- synthesized by oligodendrocytes (CNS)
- connect to multiple nodes
- Schwann cells (PNS)
- only connect to one cell
Identify
Myelin sheeth
Give the location of parasympathetic/sympathetic preganglionic/postganglionic neuronal cell bodies.
Autonomic Nervous system
“often intamurae= within the wall of gut”
TWO NEURON CHAIN
NOTE: the neuron within CNS is Nuclei. neuron in PNS is Ganglia
Sympathetic
- ganglia are outside CNS
Parasympathetic
- ganglia are outside CNS
List the three effectors of the autonomic nervous system.
- Cardiac Muscle
- Smooth muscle
- Glands
Trace an impulse from the skin to the spinal cord and back to a skeletal muscle cell.
list the peripheral glial cells
list the peripheral glial cells
- Schwann cells- myelenate one cell
- satelite cells
List the most common neurotransmitters
Acetylcholine
norepinephrine
epinephrine
Identify
