Blood and Hematopoiesis

Question 1

Provide examples of the function of whole blood

Answer 1

Whole Blood= a special form of connective tissue

• Structure:
  
  • formed elements (40%)
  • suspended in plasma (60%)
• Function: transport, temp regulation, and water balance

Question 2

List general components of blood plasma

Answer 2

Plasma= 60% of whole blood components. mature lymphocytes.

• 7% proteins- made mostly in liver
  
  • albumin
  • globulins
    
    • immunoglobs produced by plasma cells
  • fibrinogen
• 91% water
• 2% other shit
  
  • calcium
  • sodium
  • glucose
  • urea
  • co2

Question 3

Know the difference between plasma and serum

Answer 3

Plasma= found in vasculature (has coagulation proteins)

• put in anticoagulant blood tubes (EDTA, Heparin)

Serum= lacks coagulation proteins (fibrinogen*)

• goes in red top tubes, clot forms, clotting shit is in clot, so the clearish stuff that seperates out= serum

*** use serum to do blood chemistries

Question 4

Trends in sizes of RBC in different species

Answer 4

Question 5

Know the approximate lifespan of RBCs in cats, dogs, horses and cattle

Answer 5

Life span of RBC= roughly porpotional to body size

• Dog: 110 days
• Cat: 70 days
• Horse: 160 days
• Cattle: 145 days

Question 6

Give examples of common constituents of WBC granules and WBC functions

Answer 6

WBC= Leukocytes

Granulocytes

• neutrophils (MOST NUMEROUS WBC)
  
  • involved in innate immunity
• eosinophils
• basophils

Mononuclear cells

• monocytes
• lymphocytes
  
  • small lymphocytes
  • large granular lymphocytes
  • reactive lymphocytes
  • plasma cells

Question 7

Be able to describe basic elements of hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis

Answer 7

x

Question 8

Understand the basic staining properties of cells (basophilic, eosinophilic)

Answer 8

Stains for blood smear

Eosin= red— stains basic stuff

• RBC
• Eosinophil granules

New methylene blue (NMB)= blue—stains acidic stuff

• DNA/RNA
• Active cytoplasm
• neutrophils
• monocytes
• lumphocytes
• basophils

Question 9

Know the formed elements in whole blood

Answer 9

Formed Elements

• Erythrocytes (RBC)
  
  • most abundant!
  • produced in bone marrow
  • carry o2 and co2
• Leukocytes (WBC)
• Platelets

Relevance= CBC (complete blood count)

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

Answer 13

NOTE: avian/reptile/fish have nucleated RBC, WBC, and thrombocytes!

Question 14

Answer 14

Avian/Reptilian WBC

Question 15

Answer 15

NOTE: bovine neutrophils are pinkish

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 17

Answer 17

Large granular lymphocytes

Question 18

Answer 18

Reactive Lymphocytes

Question 19

Answer 19

Question 20

WBC: Monocytes

Answer 20

Monocytes= macrophages in tissues

• largest cells in slide
• Function:
  
  • phagocytosis
  • antigen presentation
  • iron storage and recycling
• Structure:
  
  • large
  • blue cytoplasm
  • purple nucleus
  • less dense chromatin (than neutrophil)

Question 21

Eosinophils

Answer 21

WBC: Eosinophils=

• Function:
  
  • attracted by histamine
  • allergic disease
  • defense against helminthic parasites
• Structure:
  
  • stains red/orange
  • eosin granules

Question 22

Basophils

Answer 22

WBC: Basophils=

• Function:
• Structure:
  
  • large
  • basophilic (puurple)
  • purple granules
  • nucleus long/ribbon like

Question 23

Platelets

Answer 23

Platelets

• Function:
• Structure:
  
  • red/purple
  • granules ish

*** called Thrombocytes in avian/reptilian/amphibian***

Question 24

Bone Marrow

Answer 24

Bone Marrow

• Function:
  
  • • Structure
  • Red marrow- early life. produces all blood cells
  • White marrow- aging change
• Stroma: connective tissue network
  
  • mesenchymal cells
  • reticular cells
  • reticular fibers

Question 25

Identify

Answer 25

Question 26

Identify

Answer 26