NAVEDTRA 14295B CH 21 Flashcards
What is anyone participating in military operations or activities identified as?
Combatant
What is the process of quickly assessing patients in a multiple-casualty incident and assigning patients a priority (or classification) for receiving treatment according to the severity of the illness or injury?
Triage
What class of casualties have injuries that are critical but who will require only minimal time or equipment to manage and who have a good prognosis for survival?
Priority 1
What type of accident is caused by an interruption of the arterial blood supply to a portion of the brain?
Cerebrovascular
What are characterized by severe and uncontrolled muscle spasms or muscle rigidity?
Convulsions
What is a condition characterized by an abnormal focus of activity in the brain that produces severe motor responses or changes in consciousness?
Epilepsy
What is a condition characterized by sudden onset, excessive skin irritation, painful erythema (redness of skin produced by congestion of the capillaries), bullae (large blisters), and exfoliation of the skin in sheets?
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
Men in what age group are more prone to heart conditions?
50 to 60
What is caused by insufficient oxygen being circulated to the heart muscle?
Angina
A heart suffering from prolonged hypertension, valve disease, or heart disease will try to compensate for decreased function by increasing the size of the left ventricular pumping chamber and increasing the heart rate. What is this condition known as?
Congestive heart failure
What is a severe allergic reaction to foreign material?
Anaphylactic shock
The general treatment for severe anaphylaxis is the subcutaneous injection of what amount of epinephrine and supportive care?
0.3cc
What is an inherited condition in which the pancreas secretes an insufficient amount of the protein hormone insulin?
Diabetes mellitus
What regulates carbohydrate metabolism by enabling glucose to enter cells for use as an energy source?
Insulin
What is the bleeding from lacerated blood vessels in the chest cavity and or lungs called?
Hemothorax
What type of delivery occurs when the baby’s legs and or buttocks emerge first during child birth?
Breech
What should be readily available whenever administering opiates?
Naloxone
What is the most effective of all the pain-relieving drugs?
Morphine
The adult dose of morphine is 10 to 20 mg, which may be repeated, if necessary, in no less than how many hours?
4
What type of wounds are torn rather than cut?
Lacerations
What types of wounds are caused by objects that penetrate into the tissues while leaving a small surface opening?
Punctures
What is the tearing away of tissue from a body part called?
Avulsion
What is the escape of significant amounts of blood from the vessels of the circulatory system referred to as?
Hemorrhage
About how many liters of blood does the average adult body contain?
5-6
If a wound is a puncture wound, a large gaping wound of the soft tissue, or an animal bite, leave it un- sutured. Even under the care of a surgeon, it is the rule not to close wounds of this nature until after how many days?
4
What fulfills the requirements for the perfect suture ease of manufacture, tensile strength, and variety available more often than any other material?
Surgical gut
Though it is referred to as “catgut,” surgical gut is derived from the submucosal connective tissue of the first one-third (about how many yards) of the small intestine of healthy government-inspected sheep?
8
What is the most common type of local anesthetic used?
Xylocaine
Topical, local infiltration, along with what else are the three methods of anesthesia administration?
Nerve block
What is the maximum recommended amount of Xylocaine to be used for a 1% solution or the equivalent?
50 ml
When suturing, the best cosmetic effect is obtained by using numerous interrupted simple sutures placed what distance apart?
1/8 inch
What is a break in the bone known as?
Fracture
The radius along with what else are the two long bones in the forearm?
Ulna
What is the long bone of the upper part of the leg between the kneecap and the pelvis called?
Femur
Under how many heading in general can joint and muscle injuries be classified under?
4
What is an injury known as when a bone is forcibly displaced from its joint?
Dislocation
As a general rule do not attempt to reduce a dislocation, to put a dislocated bone back into place, unless it is known that a medical officer cannot be reached within how many hours?
8
What are injuries to the ligaments and soft tissues that support a joint called?
Sprains
What are injuries caused by the forcible overstretching or tearing of muscles or tendons known as?
Strains
What are responsible for the discoloration that almost always accompanies injuries to bones, joints, and muscles?
Contusions
What is a special kind of infection that must be guarded against in case of animal bites?
Rabies
When a person has been bitten by an animal, every effort must be made to catch the animal and to keep it confined for a minimum of how many days?
8 to 10
What degree of burn is characterized by epidermal blisters, mottled appearance, and a red base?
2nd
What degree of burn is a full-thickness injury penetrating into muscle and fatty connective tissues, or even down to the bone?
3rd
What results from prolonged exposure to the ultraviolet rays of the sun?
Sunburn
Eyes that have been burned by acid should be irrigated for at least 5-10 minutes with at least what amount of water?
2000 ml
Irrigate alkali burns to the eyes for at least how many minutes?
20
What has been associated with extensive intravascular hemolysis?
Copper
What are often an early sign of approaching heat exhaustion?
Muscle cramps
What is the most common condition caused by working or exercising in hot environments?
Heat exhaustion
What is a mild cold injury caused by prolonged and repeated exposure for several hours to air temperatures from above freezing 32 F to as high as 60 F?
Chilblain
Immersion foot results from prolonged exposure to wet cold at temperatures ranging from just above freezing to what temperature?
50°F
Frostbite occurs when ice crystals form in the skin or deeper tissues after exposure to a temperature of what or lower?
32°F
What is defined as the force acting upon a particular area of matter?
Pressure
What amount of pressure does the weight of the atmosphere (from sea-level up to the ozone layer) exert on the human body?
14.7 psi
The amount of pressure on the diver’s body doubles from the surface under how many feet of seawater (fsw)?
33
What law states “For any gas at a constant temperature, pressure, and volume are inversely related.”?
Boyles Law
What is defined as the damage to tissues caused by a change in ambient pressure?
Barotrauma
Our bodies are what percent water and on the surface the body is at equilibrium (balance) with the inert gases in breathing air?
85%
What condition occurs when a bubble forms “in” the skin the dermis and or epidermis?
Cutis Marmorata
Any neurological symptom within the first how many minutes after surfacing from a dive is considered an Arterial Gas Embolism?
10
