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Important > NAVEDTRA 14295B CH 21 > Flashcards

NAVEDTRA 14295B CH 21 Flashcards

1
Q

What is anyone participating in military operations or activities identified as?

A

Combatant

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2
Q

What is the process of quickly assessing patients in a multiple-casualty incident and assigning patients a priority (or classification) for receiving treatment according to the severity of the illness or injury?

A

Triage

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3
Q

What class of casualties have injuries that are critical but who will require only minimal time or equipment to manage and who have a good prognosis for survival?

A

Priority 1

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4
Q

What type of accident is caused by an interruption of the arterial blood supply to a portion of the brain?

A

Cerebrovascular

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5
Q

What are characterized by severe and uncontrolled muscle spasms or muscle rigidity?

A

Convulsions

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6
Q

What is a condition characterized by an abnormal focus of activity in the brain that produces severe motor responses or changes in consciousness?

A

Epilepsy

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7
Q

What is a condition characterized by sudden onset, excessive skin irritation, painful erythema (redness of skin produced by congestion of the capillaries), bullae (large blisters), and exfoliation of the skin in sheets?

A

Toxic epidermal necrolysis

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8
Q

Men in what age group are more prone to heart conditions?

A

50 to 60

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9
Q

What is caused by insufficient oxygen being circulated to the heart muscle?

A

Angina

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10
Q

A heart suffering from prolonged hypertension, valve disease, or heart disease will try to compensate for decreased function by increasing the size of the left ventricular pumping chamber and increasing the heart rate. What is this condition known as?

A

Congestive heart failure

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11
Q

What is a severe allergic reaction to foreign material?

A

Anaphylactic shock

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12
Q

The general treatment for severe anaphylaxis is the subcutaneous injection of what amount of epinephrine and supportive care?

A

0.3cc

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13
Q

What is an inherited condition in which the pancreas secretes an insufficient amount of the protein hormone insulin?

A

Diabetes mellitus

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14
Q

What regulates carbohydrate metabolism by enabling glucose to enter cells for use as an energy source?

A

Insulin

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15
Q

What is the bleeding from lacerated blood vessels in the chest cavity and or lungs called?

A

Hemothorax

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16
Q

What type of delivery occurs when the baby’s legs and or buttocks emerge first during child birth?

A

Breech

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17
Q

What should be readily available whenever administering opiates?

A

Naloxone

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18
Q

What is the most effective of all the pain-relieving drugs?

A

Morphine

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19
Q

The adult dose of morphine is 10 to 20 mg, which may be repeated, if necessary, in no less than how many hours?

A

4

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20
Q

What type of wounds are torn rather than cut?

A

Lacerations

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21
Q

What types of wounds are caused by objects that penetrate into the tissues while leaving a small surface opening?

A

Punctures

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22
Q

What is the tearing away of tissue from a body part called?

A

Avulsion

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23
Q

What is the escape of significant amounts of blood from the vessels of the circulatory system referred to as?

A

Hemorrhage

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24
Q

About how many liters of blood does the average adult body contain?

A

5-6

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25
Q

If a wound is a puncture wound, a large gaping wound of the soft tissue, or an animal bite, leave it un- sutured. Even under the care of a surgeon, it is the rule not to close wounds of this nature until after how many days?

A

4

26
Q

What fulfills the requirements for the perfect suture ease of manufacture, tensile strength, and variety available more often than any other material?

A

Surgical gut

27
Q

Though it is referred to as “catgut,” surgical gut is derived from the submucosal connective tissue of the first one-third (about how many yards) of the small intestine of healthy government-inspected sheep?

A

8

28
Q

What is the most common type of local anesthetic used?

A

Xylocaine

29
Q

Topical, local infiltration, along with what else are the three methods of anesthesia administration?

A

Nerve block

30
Q

What is the maximum recommended amount of Xylocaine to be used for a 1% solution or the equivalent?

A

50 ml

31
Q

When suturing, the best cosmetic effect is obtained by using numerous interrupted simple sutures placed what distance apart?

A

1/8 inch

32
Q

What is a break in the bone known as?

A

Fracture

33
Q

The radius along with what else are the two long bones in the forearm?

A

Ulna

34
Q

What is the long bone of the upper part of the leg between the kneecap and the pelvis called?

A

Femur

35
Q

Under how many heading in general can joint and muscle injuries be classified under?

A

4

36
Q

What is an injury known as when a bone is forcibly displaced from its joint?

A

Dislocation

37
Q

As a general rule do not attempt to reduce a dislocation, to put a dislocated bone back into place, unless it is known that a medical officer cannot be reached within how many hours?

A

8

38
Q

What are injuries to the ligaments and soft tissues that support a joint called?

A

Sprains

39
Q

What are injuries caused by the forcible overstretching or tearing of muscles or tendons known as?

A

Strains

40
Q

What are responsible for the discoloration that almost always accompanies injuries to bones, joints, and muscles?

A

Contusions

41
Q

What is a special kind of infection that must be guarded against in case of animal bites?

A

Rabies

42
Q

When a person has been bitten by an animal, every effort must be made to catch the animal and to keep it confined for a minimum of how many days?

A

8 to 10

43
Q

What degree of burn is characterized by epidermal blisters, mottled appearance, and a red base?

A

2nd

44
Q

What degree of burn is a full-thickness injury penetrating into muscle and fatty connective tissues, or even down to the bone?

A

3rd

45
Q

What results from prolonged exposure to the ultraviolet rays of the sun?

A

Sunburn

46
Q

Eyes that have been burned by acid should be irrigated for at least 5-10 minutes with at least what amount of water?

A

2000 ml

47
Q

Irrigate alkali burns to the eyes for at least how many minutes?

A

20

48
Q

What has been associated with extensive intravascular hemolysis?

A

Copper

49
Q

What are often an early sign of approaching heat exhaustion?

A

Muscle cramps

50
Q

What is the most common condition caused by working or exercising in hot environments?

A

Heat exhaustion

51
Q

What is a mild cold injury caused by prolonged and repeated exposure for several hours to air temperatures from above freezing 32 F to as high as 60 F?

A

Chilblain

52
Q

Immersion foot results from prolonged exposure to wet cold at temperatures ranging from just above freezing to what temperature?

A

50°F

53
Q

Frostbite occurs when ice crystals form in the skin or deeper tissues after exposure to a temperature of what or lower?

A

32°F

54
Q

What is defined as the force acting upon a particular area of matter?

A

Pressure

55
Q

What amount of pressure does the weight of the atmosphere (from sea-level up to the ozone layer) exert on the human body?

A

14.7 psi

56
Q

The amount of pressure on the diver’s body doubles from the surface under how many feet of seawater (fsw)?

A

33

57
Q

What law states “For any gas at a constant temperature, pressure, and volume are inversely related.”?

A

Boyles Law

58
Q

What is defined as the damage to tissues caused by a change in ambient pressure?

A

Barotrauma

59
Q

Our bodies are what percent water and on the surface the body is at equilibrium (balance) with the inert gases in breathing air?

A

85%

60
Q

What condition occurs when a bubble forms “in” the skin the dermis and or epidermis?

A

Cutis Marmorata

61
Q

Any neurological symptom within the first how many minutes after surfacing from a dive is considered an Arterial Gas Embolism?

A

10

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