NAVEDTRA 14295B CH 13 Flashcards
What is used to measure a healthy weight?
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Persons with a BMI greater than or equal to how many g/m2 are considered obese?
30
Over what amount of the United States population is obese according to 2005-2006 data?
1/3
What is the primary tool used to combat obesity in the Navy?
Physical Fitness Assessment
What is the most important nutrient in the world?
Water
How many liters of water does a female need to consume daily according to the National Academy of Science?
2.7
What is the approximate upper tolerance level for water intake?
8 liters
Approximately what percent of the human body is water?
60%
Loss of body water, or dehydration, can be life threatening. As little as a 1% to a 2% loss can cause decreases in overall body performance and a loss of what percent can lead to heat injury or death?
5% to 7%
What has the main role of providing energy to cells?
Carbohydrates
How many calories per gram do all carbohydrates (excluding fiber) contain?
4
Carbohydrates are made by green plants through what process?
Photosynthesis
What are plant-based long chains glucose molecules called?
Starches
What is the storage form of glucose in animals and humans?
Glycogen
What is a non-digestible, non-essential, plant-based polysaccharide that plays a significant role in digestion and elimination?
Fiber
What is the general recommendation for fiber intake in grams for men?
37
What percent of a healthy person’s diet should consist of carbohydrates?
40-60
What are commonly referred to as the “building blocks” of the body?
Proteins
How many calories per gram do proteins contain?
4
How many amino acids that make up all the proteins the body needs are there?
20
What are the main consumable sources of protein?
Animals
What is the main energy source of aerobic metabolism and sustained exercise and is reliant on glucose, or carbohydrates, to be metabolized?
Fat
Approximately how many calories does 1 tablespoon of fat contain?
45
What type of fats are used widely for frying foods?
Polyunsaturated
What is the general recommendation for fat intake consumption as a percent of one’s total caloric intake?
20-35
What type of fatty acids are a naturally occurring polyunsaturated fat that have been linked to lessening the risk for heart disease and improving joint health?
Omega-3
What is the most common type of phospholipid which is made in the liver that allows fat to be digested in the body?
Bile
What are essential, non-calorie containing compounds found in food and needed in the body in small amounts?
Vitamins
A patient will typically not be put on a clear liquid diet for more than how many days?
2-3
What type of diet is typically indicated with patients who are edentulous or partially edentulous, recovering from a stroke, have failed a Modified Barium Swallow, or who may not be cognitively aware enough to chew?
Pureed
Calorie restrictions during a calorie restricted diet should still include foods from all five food groups and not be lower than how many calories?
1200
How many grams per day is a typical protein restriction?
60
What refers to anything that increases stool volume or frequency or that is not digested by the body that is not plant fiber?
Residue
Approximately how many grams per day is a typical fiber restriction?
10-15
A cholesterol restriction starts at 300 mg and can be as low as how many mg per day?
200
The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends most people limit their saturated fat to no more than what percent of their total fat intake?
7%
What type of nutrition is used in cases where patients are unable to meet their nutritional needs by mouth and the patient has a functioning gastrointestinal tract?
Enteral
What type of nutrition is most commonly used in cases where patients are unable to meet their nutritional needs by mouth and do not have a functioning gastrointestinal tract?
Parenteral
What type of nutrition is the most aggressive nutritional therapy used?
Parenteral
