NAVEDTRA 14295B CH 18 Flashcards
What is the science dealing with the origin, nature, chemistry, effects, and uses of medications?
Pharmacology
What is the branch of pharmacology that deals with biological, biochemical, and economic features of natural medications and their constituents?
Pharmacognosy
What is the branch of pharmacology dealing with the preparation, dispensing, and proper use of medications?
Pharmacy
What is the study of the dosages of medicines and medications?
Posology
What is the study of the action or effects of medications on living organisms?
Pharmacodynamics
What is the study of the uses of medications in the treatment of disease?
Pharmacotherapeutics
What is the study of poisons, their actions, their detection, and the treatment of the conditions produced by them called?
Toxicology
What is the science of treating disease by any method that will relieve pain, treat or cure diseases and infections, or prolong life called?
Therapeutics
What provides tests for medication identity, quality, strength, and purity?
USP-NF
What did the U.S. Federal Food, Medication, and Cosmetics Act designate as the official reference for medications marketed in the United States?
USP-NF
What is the most widely used text/reference in American pharmacies?
Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy
What is the amount of medication to be administered referred to as?
Dose
A therapeutic dose is calculated on an average adult male of 24 years who weighs approximately how many pounds?
150
What is the most common factor that influences the amount of medication to be given?
Age
What is the most common method of administering medications?
Oral
What type of medications are administered by placing the medication under the tongue?
Sublingual
What type of medications are administered by placing the medication between the cheek and gum?
Buccal
What type of medications are introduced by injection?
Parenteral
What is the type of medication injected just below the skin’s cutaneous layers?
Subcutaneous
What type of medication is injected within the dermis layer of the skin?
Intradermal
What type of medication is introduced directly into the vein?
Intravenous
What is the the process called by which a medication is converted into a fine spray by the use of compressed gas?
Nebulization
How many important steps to follow are there when administering medication to a patient to prevent errors?
6
What is any chemical substance called that has an effect on living tissue but is not used as a food?
Medication
Medications are classified according to set criteria and fall into three specific areas: general, chemical, and what else?
Therapeutic
What are medications called that cause shrinkage of the skin and mucous membranes?
Astringents
What are bland or fatty substances called that may be applied to the skin to make it more pliable and soft?
Emollients
What are agents called that inhibit or suppress the act of coughing?
Antitussives
What can be used to reduce congestion and the swelling of mucous membranes?
Nasal Decongestants
What substance released by most cells distributed in connective tissues usually near blood vessels promotes some of the reactions associated with inflammation and allergies such as asthma and hay fever?
Histamine
What are used to counteract hyperacidity in the stomach?
Antacids
Normally oral medications should not be taken within how many hours of taking an antacid?
2
What suppress the growth of microorganisms?
Antiseptics
What are agents called that are used to disinfect inanimate objects and are primarily germicidal in their action?
Disinfectants
What is the standard by which all other antiseptic, disinfectant, and germicidal agents are measured in effectiveness?
Phenol
What were the first effective chemotherapeutic agents to be available in safe therapeutic dosage ranges?
Sulfonamides
What is one of the most effective and least toxic of the antimicrobial agents?
Penicillin
What are a group of semi-synthetic derivatives of cephalosporin C called which is an antimicrobial agent of fungal origin?
Cephalosporins
In what year were Tetracyclines introduced which were the first truly broad-spectrum antibiotics?
1948
What are a group of medications that share chemical, antimicrobial, pharmacologic, and toxic characteristics, and that are effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms?
Aminoglycosides
What are antibiotics constituting a large group of bacteriostatic agents that inhibit protein synthesis known as?
Macrolides
What type of medications facilitate the passage and elimination of feces from the colon and rectum?
Laxatives
What are agents that increase the rate of urine formation called?
Diuretics
What type of medications relieve pain without producing unconsciousness or impairing mental capacities?
Non-narcotic analgesics
What are used to relieve or reduce fevers?
Antipyretics
What are mainly used as sedative-hypnotics, anticonvulsants, anesthetics for short anesthesia, and may be used in combination with analgesics to enhance their analgesic effect?
Barbiturates
Tranquilizers and mood modifiers are the two primary groups of what agents?
Psychotherapeutic
What are used to produce constriction of the blood vessels with consequent rise in blood pressure?
Vasoconstrictors
What taken in high doses is believed to prevent the common cold, and to treat asthma, atherosclerosis, wounds, schizophrenia, and cancer?
Vitamin C
What type of medications produce a rhythmic contraction of the uterus?
Oxytocics
In what year did the World Health Organization (WHO) declare the global eradication of naturally occurring smallpox?
1980
What is the study and science of weights and measures called?
Metrology
What is the official system of weights and measures used by Navy Pharmacy Departments for weighing and calculating pharmaceutical preparations?
Metric System
What is the relationship of one quantity to another quantity of like value?
Ratio
What is the expression of equality of two ratios called?
Proportion
What are aromatic, sweetened hydroalcoholic solutions containing medicinal substances called?
Elixirs
What are coarse dispersions comprised of finely divided insoluble material suspended in a liquid medium called?
Suspensions
What are semisolid, fatty, or oily preparations of medicinal substances called?
Ointments
What are solid bodies intended to introduce medicinal substances into the various orifices of the body called?
Suppositories
What are gelatin shells containing solid or liquid medicinal substances to be taken orally called?
Capsules
What is used for mixing and measuring various medicinal ingredients?
Enrlenmeyer flask
What are conical or cylindrical clear glass containers graduated in specified quantities that are used to measure liquids volumetrically?
Graduates
What type of incompatibilities occur when agents antagonistic to one another are prescribed together?
Therapeutic
What type of incompatibilities are often called pharmaceutical incompatibilities and are evidenced by the failure of the medications to combine properly?
Physical
What is any condition called which makes a particular treatment or procedure inadvisable?
Contraindication
What is the most important tool used by the pharmacy?
Prescription
The DoD Prescription (DD Form 1289) along with the Polyprescription using what form are the two standardized forms used for prescriptions?
NAVMED 6710/6
What is that part of the prescription that lists the name and quantity of the medication to be used?
Inscription
What part of the prescription gives the directions for the patient?
Signa
How many times should the container labels used in filling prescriptions be verified?
3
How many years after the issue date are prescriptions currently required to be kept on file?
2
How many schedules (categories) related to a medications potential for abuse, medical usefulness, and degree of dependency, if abused did the Controlled Substance Act of 1970 establish?
5
Prescriptions for schedule II substances can never be ordered with refills and in most cases must be filled within how many days of the date originally written?
7
Prescriptions must be filled within 30 days of the date written and may be refilled up to five times within how many months for Schedule III substances?
6
What type of substances are primarily antitussives or antidiarrheals?
Schedule V
At least how often, or more frequently if necessary, the Controlled Substances Inventory Board (CSIB) takes an unannounced inventory of controlled substances?
Quarterly
