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GCSE PE 2018-2020 > Musculo System > Flashcards

Musculo System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 12 voluntary muscles?

A
  • Deltoid
  • Pectoralis major
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Biceps
  • Triceps
  • External obliques
  • Gluteals
  • Hip flexors
  • Quadriceps
  • Hamstrings
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Tibialis anterior
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2
Q

Location and function of Gluteals

A
  • In the middle of the body at the back forming the bottom

- Adduct and extend the leg at the hips, pull the leg backwards

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3
Q

Location and function of Hamstrings

A
  • At the top of the each leg at the back

- Flex the legs at the knees

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4
Q

Location and Function of Gastrocnemius

A
  • At the bottom of each leg at the back. Also known as the calf muscles
  • Point the toes at the ankle (plantar flexion)
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5
Q

Location and Function of the Latissimus Dorsi

A
  • At the back of the body either side of the chest

- Pull your arms down at the shoulders and behind your back (adduct and extend)

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6
Q

Location and Function of the Triceps

A
  • At the top of each arm at the back

- Extend arm at the elbow

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7
Q

Location and Function of the Deltoids

A
  • In the upper part of the body, covering the shoulders

- Raise the arms in all directions at the shoulder

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8
Q

Location and Function of the Biceps

A
  • At the top of the arm at the front

- Flex the arm at the elbow

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9
Q

Location and Function of the Quadriceps

A
  • At the top of the leg at the front

- Extends the leg at the knee

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10
Q

Location and Function of Pectoralis majors

A
  • Upper part of the chest at the front

- Adduct the arm at the shoulder

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11
Q

Location and Function of the External obliques

A
  • Either side of the abdomen

- Pull the chest downwards. Flex and rotate the spinal column

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12
Q

Location and Function of the Tibialis anterior

A
  • Runs down the shin

- Pull the toes up towards the shin (dorsi-flexion)

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13
Q

Location and Function of the Hip flexors

A
  • Sit deep in the front of the hip and connect to the leg

- Flex the hip, help the leg and knee up towards the body

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14
Q

What are voluntary muscles ?

A

Voluntary muscles are under your control, you can choose when to contract or relax them . Voluntary muscles can only pull they do this by contracting

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15
Q

Why are voluntary important in sport ?

A

They control if you were running for example you have control of your legs .

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16
Q

What are Involuntary muscles?

A

Involuntary muscles are the muscles we cant control . They can contract and relax automatically by involuntary muscles system . They can be found in the digestive organs and urinary systems .

17
Q

Why do we need the involutray muscles ?

A

Its good to get rid of the build up of lactic acid and helps oxygen flow around your body

18
Q

What is a cardiac muscles ?

A

Only found in the wall of the heart it is a very special specialised type of involuntary muscle. Cardia muscles is made up of interlaced fibres . These fibres can spread electronicall signals from the brain right through the heart making the cells all. Contract together

19
Q

What do we mean by antagonistic pairs ?

A

An antagonistic pairs is where one muscles contracts (agonist) against the other relaxes (antagonist) to allow the joint to work

Examples: Bicep,tricep
Quadriceps,hamstring
Tibuliaes anterior,gastrocnemius

20
Q

Whats the antagonistic pairs that contract and relax?

A

Contract =Agonist(mr angry)

Relaxes=Antagonist(not angry)

21
Q

What are slow twitch fibre -Type 1?

A

Type 1 fibres are a slow contraction velocity, are very resistant to fatigue and are capable of repeated low -level contractions producing large amounts of ATP -Example=marathon runner

22
Q

What are fast twitch - type 2a fibres?

A

Type 2a fibres are manufacture and split ATP at a fast by using both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism and its produce a fast,strong muscle contractions . Example=800m runner

23
Q

What are the fast twitch - type 2b fibres?

A

Type 2b produce ATP at a slow rate by anaerobic metabolism and break it down very quickly. This results in extremely fast muscle contractions to produce short,fast bursts of power and rapid fatigue .

Example=100m runner

24
Q

What are Voluntary muscles?

A

Muscles that you control, you can choose when to contract and relax. Voluntary muscles can only pull, not push.

25
Q

What are involuntary muscles?

A
  • Involuntary muscles are not under our control. They contract and relax automatically controlled by the involuntary nervous system. - - They are usually made up of spindle shaped fibres. By muscles contracting and relaxing they help distribute blood which contains oxygen
26
Q

Why do we need involuntary muscles in sport?

A
  • They are usually made up of spindle shaped fibres. By muscles contracting and relaxing they help distribute blood which contains oxygen
27
Q

What are cardiac muscles?

A

Muscles only found in the wall of the heart, it is a very specialised type of involuntary muscle. Cardiac muscles are made up of interfaced fibres.

28
Q

What are Antagonistic pairs

A

Muscles working in pairs to enable movement

29
Q

What is the muscle that contracts called in an Antagonistic pair

A

Agonist (Mr.Angry)

30
Q

What is the muscle that relaxes called in an Antagonistic pair

A

Antagonist

31
Q

What are the 3 Antagonistic pairs you need to know?

A
  • Bicep and Tricep
  • Quadricep and Hamstring
  • Tibialis anterior and Gastrocnemius
32
Q

What are slow twitch fibres?

A

Slow twitch (type 1) - dark in colour because of myoglobin and have a good O2 supply

33
Q

What are Fast twitch fibres

A

Fast twitch (type 2 ) -

34
Q

There are different types of muscles fibres

A

Slow twitch - Type I (marathon runner)

Fast twitch - Type IIA (800m runner)
                          Type IIB (100m runner)

GCSE PE 2018-2020 (38 decks)

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