Aerobic and Anaerobic Energy Systems Flashcards
Where is glucose stored?
And as what?
In the liver and muscles as glycogen
What does aerobic mean?
With oxygen
What is the formula for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water + ATP
What is the formula for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose —> energy + lactic acid
What is the waste product of anaerobic respiration?
Lactic acid
Examples of sports that require anaerobic respiration?
- 100m and 200m sprint
- Weightlifting
These sports are typically high intensity
Glucose
A major source of energy for cells in the body
Aerobic respiration
The process of releasing energy from glucose, using oxygen
Anaerobic respiration
The process of releasing energy from glucose, without oxygen
Aerobic exercise
Working out at a moderate intensity allowing the body time to utilise oxygen for energy production and to work for a continuous period (e.g long distance events)
Lactic acid
A colourless acid produced in muscle tissues during strenuous exercise when the body is exercising anaerobically at high intensity.
Cramp
Painful, involuntary contraction of a muscle, usually caused by fatigue
Complex carbohydrates
Food of this type help to provide long lasting energy for exercise and should form about half of your daily intake
Simple carbohydrates
They provide a quick fix of energy. For example eating a banana at half-time
Free sugars
Any sugars added to food or drinks or found naturally in honey, syrups and unsweetened fruit juices
Where will the energy for short high intensity exercise (anaerobic) come from?
The energy you need will come from carbohydrates
Where will the energy you need for longer exercise (aerobic), two hours or more, come from?
The energy will come from carbohydrates and fats. This will use more energy from your fat stores
When should you have a pre-match meal?
You should have a light meal, high in carbohydrates, at least 2 hours before playing
Why is it bad to eat too much directly before playing?
Because then blood will be diverted away from the muscles being used and to the stomach for digestion
The short term effects of Physical Activity on muscles
- Muscle Fatigue (build of lactic acid)
Short term effects of Physical Activity on the heart
- Increased heart rate
- Increased stroke volume
- Increased cardiac output
