Muscular System Flashcards
tissue or organ of the animal body
characterized by the ability to contract, usually in
response to a stimulus from the nervous system
muscle
it is a result of alternating contraction and
relaxation of muscles.
motion
constitute about 40-50% of the total body
weight of adult.
muscle tissue
The study of muscle is
myology
*Muscle is the contractile tissue of the body and
is derived from the ____ layer of
embryonic germ cells.
mesodermal
contain contractile filaments that
move past each other and change the size of the
cell.
muscle cells
function of muscle
produce force and cause motion
Muscles can cause either ___of the
organism itself or movement of ____ organs
locomotion
internal
type of muscle tissue
skeletal
cardiac
smooth
muscle attached to bones
skeletal muscle
Function is to move bones thus creating movement.
skeletal muscle
- It is striated, contains alternating dark and light bands.
- It is voluntary or it can be controlled at will.
skeletal muscle
It is cylindrical in shape and contain numerous nucleus
located in their periphery
skeletal muscle
Speed of contraction is ___ to ___ in skeletal muscle
fast to slow
do skeltal muscle have rhythmic contraction
no
- Forms the wall of the heart.
cardiac muscle
- Striated, contains alternating dark and light bands.
- Involuntary or it is not controlled at will.
cardiac muscle
- It has a rhythm in contraction.
- Branching in shape, and contain a centrally located nucleus.
cardiac muscle
Possess the intercalated discs, which are unique only to them
cardiac muscle
connect one
muscle fiber to another
intercalated discs
It provides a route for quick muscle action potentials
throughout the heart.
cardiac muscle
Located in the walls of hallow internal structures.
smooth muscle
- It is not striated.
- It is involuntary.
smooth muscle
- Fusiform or spindle shape cells that possess a centrally located
nucleus.
smooth muscle
- It provides movement of substances in the hallow organs. (ex.
Peristalsis in the GI tract)
smooth muscle
Speed of contraction is very slow.
* It has rhythmic contraction in some part of the body (GI tract)
smooth muscle
function of the muscle (4)
- Producing body movements
- Stabilizing body positions
- Storing and moving substances within the body
- Generating heat
PROPERTIES OF MUSCLE TISSUE (4)
- Electrical excitability
- Contractility
- Extensibility
- Elasticity
The ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing
electrical signals such as action potential.
electrical excitability
Is the ability of muscle tissue to contract forcefully when
stimulated by an action potential.
contractility
Is the ability of muscle to stretch without being
damaged.
extensibility
- The ability of muscle tissue to return to its original
length and shape after contraction or extension.
elasticity
It is a sheet or broad band of fibrous connective tissue that
supports and surrounds muscle and other organs of the body.
fascia
It separates the muscle from the skin
supreficial fascia
- It contains adipose tissue that insulates the body.
superficial fascia
fascia that lines the body walls and the limbs
deep fascia
It allows free movement of muscles, carries nerves, blood
vessels, and lymphatic vessels.
deep fascia
a fills the space between muscles
deep fascia
Three layers of connective tissue extend from the
deep fascia these are
epimysium
perimysium
endomysium
connective tissue that covers the entire muscle
epimysium
covers fascicle
perimysium
covers muscle fibers
endomysium
entire muscle -> fascicle -> muscle fiber -> myofibril -> sarcomere
+1
- A dense layer of collagen fibers that surrounds the entire
muscle.
epimysium
It separates the muscle from surrounding tissues and organs
epimysium
Surrounds group of 10 to 100 or more individual bundles of
muscle fibers called a fascicle
perimysium
e individual bundles of
muscle fibers
fascicle
Surrounds the individual skeletal muscle fibers (fascicle) and interconnects
adjacent muscle fibers
endomysium
Scattered between the endomysium and the muscle fibers are ____
sattelite cells
embryonic stem cells that function in the repair of damaged muscle
tissue
satellite cells
narrow bans of connective tissue that connec muscles to bone
tendons
bands of connective tissue that join bone to bone
ligaments
bands of connective tissue that attach flat muscle to another muscle or to several bones
aponeuroses
It is the attachment of the
muscle tendons or
aponeuroses to the
stationary bone, which is
usually proximal.
origin
- It is the attachment of the
other muscle tendons or
aponeuroses to the
movable bone which is
usually distal.
insertion
It is the prime
mover. A muscle that causes
a desired action; contracting.
agonist
It is a muscle
simultaneously relaxing as
the agonist is contracting
antagonist
. It is a muscle
involved in addition to
agonists and antagonists,
which serve to steady a
movement, thus, preventing
unwanted movements and
helping the prime mover
functions more efficiently
synergist
parallel muscle term
rectus
transverse muscle term
transversus
attachd to the temporal bone
temporalis
largest muscle
maximus
smallest muscle
minimus
