Digestive System Flashcards
food particles are broken down into smaller components which will later be absorbed by the body
digestion
Vertebrate digestive systems (4)
monogastric
avian
ruminants
pseudo-ruminants
have evolved more complex digestive systems to adapt to their dietary needs
vertebrates
have developed a digestive system to eating un-masticated (un-chewed) food
birds
as the word suggest, the digestive system consist of one stomach chamber
monogastric
Examples are humans (digestive system)
monogastric
where process of digestion starts and the intake of food
mouth
play an important role in masticating or physically breaking down food into smaller particles
teeth
in this, there’s enzymes present to chemically break down food
saliva
long tube that connect the mouth to the stomach
esophagus
has an extremely acidic environment (pH 1.5 – 2.5)
stomach
includes enzymes in the stomach, act on food particles and continue the process of digestion
gastric juices
where enzymes from the liver, small intestine, and pancreas continue the process of digestion
small intestines
are absorbed across the epithelial cells lining the walls of the small intestines
nutrients
absorbs moisture from the waste material to make it drier and is compacted into feces that are stored until excreted through the rectum
large intestine
they face special challenges when it comes to obtaining nutrition from food since they do not have teeth
aves
Have to process unmasticated food
aves (birds)
part of the bird that tells their diet, ranging from seeds and insects to fruits and nuts
beak
this ability of birds makes their metabolic rates high in order to efficiently process food while keeping their body weight low
flying
Two chambers of the stomach of birds
proventriculus
gizzard
where gastric juices are produced to digest the food before it enters the stomach in birds
proventriculus
where food is stored, soaked and mechanically ground
gizzard
undigested material forms this that are sometimes regurgitated in birds
food pellets
where most of the chemical digestion and absorption happens in birds
intestine