Anatomical Terms and Anatomy of Amphioxus Flashcards
1
Q
label the planes and axes of the rabbit
A
grade yourself accordingly
2
Q
Denotes the back
A
dorsal
3
Q
term equal to dorsal in human anatomy
A
posterior
4
Q
Belly or underside
A
ventral
5
Q
equivalent of ventral in human anatomy
A
anterior
6
Q
The head or toward the head
A
Anterior, Cranial, Cephalic
7
Q
equivalent of anterior, cranial, and cephalic in human anatomy
A
superior
8
Q
The tail or toward the tail
A
posterior, caudal
9
Q
equivalent of posterior in human anatomy
A
inferior
10
Q
Refers to the middle
A
median
11
Q
Refers to the sides
A
lateral
12
Q
Right side
A
dextral
13
Q
Left side
A
sinistral
14
Q
Above
A
superior
15
Q
Below
A
inferior
16
Q
Near the given point
A
proximal
17
Q
Away from the given point
A
distal
18
Q
Near the middle
A
central
19
Q
Toward the edge or surface
A
peripheral
20
Q
Near the surface
A
superficial
21
Q
Some distance below the surface
A
deep
22
Q
line in the sagittal plane extending from head to tail
A
longitudinal or anterioposterior
23
Q
equivalent to anteroposterior
A
longitudinal
24
Q
Line in the medial plane extending from dorsal to ventral surfaces
A
sagittal or dorsoventral
25
dorsoventral axes is also known as
sagittal
26
Any line in the transverse plane running from side to side
transverse or mediolateral
27
mediolateral axis is known as
transverse
28
Longitudinal plane through the axis of the animal which extends from dorsal to ventral
sagittal
29
One that divides the animal into equal halves
median sagittal
30
Any plane parallel to median sagittal
parasagittal
31
Parallel to dorsal and ventral and is at a right angle to a sagittal plane
Frontal or horizontal
32
what plane is also called coronal plane
frontal/horizontal
33
Cut across any level of the body at a right angle to sagittal and frontal planes
transverse or cross section
34
phylum of amphioxus
chordata
35
subphylum of amphioxus
cephalochordata
36
cephalochordates are also known as these
acrania
37
Known for poorly developed head with anterior end blunt and modified tail being pointed, with lateral sides compressed
acrania
38
scientific name of amphioxus
Branchiostoma lanceolata
39
common name of amphioxus
lancelet
40
informal name of branchiostoma lanceolata
amphioxus
41
class of amphioxus
leptocardii
42
slender, compressed laterally, and the anterior end being blunt and the posterior end being pointed and fish-like
body of amphioxus
43
has a poorly developed head
amphioxus
44
tail is modified into a fin
amphioxus
45
thrives along ocean shores in sandy beaches burying itself with its oral hood protruding
amphioxus
46
Common characteristic of Phylum Chordata (4)
- presence of notochord
- presence of dorsal nerve cord
- post anal tail
- pharyngeal slits
47
brain and spinal cord found dorsally
dorsal nerve cord
48
used for locomotion
post anal tail
49
most anterior blunt end, with the following associated structures
head
50
most anterior end, terminal blunt end of the head
rostrum
51
used for burrowing
rostrum
52
where feeding structures are located, an expanded membrane of the ventral and greater part of the poorly developed head
oral hood
53
Where the vestibule cavity is enclosed/located
oral hood
54
Structure before the mouth
oral hood
55
cavity enclosed by the oral hood
vestibule
56
– contains receptor cells that is used to detect and prevent harmful material to enter the oral hood
buccal cirri
57
Stiff and ciliated tentacles projecting from the edge of the oral hood
buccal cirri
58
extends from the dorsal mid-line to the posterior, and ventral mid-line up to the atriopore respectively
dorsal and ventral fin
59
both used for stabilization of motion while travelling in water
dorsal and ventral fin
60
situated along the anterodorsal aspect of the animal
dorsal fin
61
– seen beneath the posterior quarter of the animal
ventral fin
62
pair of ventrolateral membranous folds on the flattened portion of the animal and continue forward from the anterior end of the ventral fins
lateral fin/metapleural fin
63
encloses the gill slits that forms the body cavity
metapleural fin
64
body cavity
atrium
65
laterally forms the atriopore and the body walls
lateral fin/metapleural fin
66
slightly expanded continuation of the dorsal and ventral fins that are slightly expanded surrounding the tail
caudal fin
67
used for movement in water
caudal fin
68
median ventral opening, posterior to the fusion of two metapleural fold
atriopore
69
opening that serves as an exit for gametes, urine, and filtered water
atriopore
70
usually found where gonads end and a folded shape
atriopore
71
opening situated on the left side of the caudal fin at point where the fin widens
anus
72
an opening that serves as an exit for waste material material
anus
73
Found at the end of the intestines (black spots)
anus
74
series of v-shaped masses of muscles arranged longitudinally separated by a connective tissue called myosepta
myotomes
75
connective tissues that separates myotomes
myosepta
76
mass of muscles that form a servies v-shaped and are longitudinally arranged
myotomes
77
Responsible for the body’s motor function that allows swimming by contracting
myotomes
78
rod extending along the entire length of the body from the rostrum to the tip of the caudal end
notochord
79
allow for the attachment of muscles, act as the vertebrae and plays a role in the nervous system
notochord
80
can be seen as multiple black vertical bars across the length of the organism
notochord
81
much smaller tube just above the notochord with the presences of ocelli
neural tube
82
row of black spots or simple eyes
ocelli
83
also called dorsal hollow nerve cord
neural tube
84
vertical membrane that surrounds the mouth which is provided with velar tentacles
velum
85
also called mouth
velum
86
serves as feeding structures that prevent unwanted material to enter (projections)
velar tentacles
87
row of finger-like projections located at the inner surface of the posterior part of the oral hood
wheel organ
88
most dorsal part of the wheel organ
hatschek pit
89
Longest finger-like structure, among the other rows of wheel organs, that produces muscus to trap food
hatschek pit
90
Most dorsal part of the wheel organ
hatschek pit
91
ventral part of the pharynx where food gathers and where water is filtered to the atriopore
endostyle
92
dorsal part of the pharynx where food enters to the esophagus
epipharyngeal groove
93
connects the endostyle and epipharyngeal groove
peripharyngeal slit
94
releases digestive enzymes
hepatic cecum
95
what form the pharynx
pharyngeal bars or gill bars
pharyngeal slits or gill slits
96
series of dark bands that lies after the velum
pharyngeal bars
97
pharyngeal bars are also called
branchial bars
98
alternating light bands considered as openings formed by the pharyngeal bars
pharyngeal clefts
99
black ring that can be seen on the intestine
iliocolon ring
100
Where food is digested by rotating while food is mixed with enzymes
iliocolon ring
101
label the anatomical parts of the amphioxus
grade yourself accordingly
102
