Anatomical Terms and Anatomy of Amphioxus Flashcards
label the planes and axes of the rabbit
grade yourself accordingly
Denotes the back
dorsal
term equal to dorsal in human anatomy
posterior
Belly or underside
ventral
equivalent of ventral in human anatomy
anterior
The head or toward the head
Anterior, Cranial, Cephalic
equivalent of anterior, cranial, and cephalic in human anatomy
superior
The tail or toward the tail
posterior, caudal
equivalent of posterior in human anatomy
inferior
Refers to the middle
median
Refers to the sides
lateral
Right side
dextral
Left side
sinistral
Above
superior
Below
inferior
Near the given point
proximal
Away from the given point
distal
Near the middle
central
Toward the edge or surface
peripheral
Near the surface
superficial
Some distance below the surface
deep
line in the sagittal plane extending from head to tail
longitudinal or anterioposterior
equivalent to anteroposterior
longitudinal
Line in the medial plane extending from dorsal to ventral surfaces
sagittal or dorsoventral
dorsoventral axes is also known as
sagittal
Any line in the transverse plane running from side to side
transverse or mediolateral
mediolateral axis is known as
transverse
Longitudinal plane through the axis of the animal which extends from dorsal to ventral
sagittal
One that divides the animal into equal halves
median sagittal
Any plane parallel to median sagittal
parasagittal
Parallel to dorsal and ventral and is at a right angle to a sagittal plane
Frontal or horizontal
what plane is also called coronal plane
frontal/horizontal
Cut across any level of the body at a right angle to sagittal and frontal planes
transverse or cross section
phylum of amphioxus
chordata
subphylum of amphioxus
cephalochordata
cephalochordates are also known as these
acrania
Known for poorly developed head with anterior end blunt and modified tail being pointed, with lateral sides compressed
acrania
scientific name of amphioxus
Branchiostoma lanceolata
common name of amphioxus
lancelet
informal name of branchiostoma lanceolata
amphioxus
class of amphioxus
leptocardii
slender, compressed laterally, and the anterior end being blunt and the posterior end being pointed and fish-like
body of amphioxus
has a poorly developed head
amphioxus
tail is modified into a fin
amphioxus
thrives along ocean shores in sandy beaches burying itself with its oral hood protruding
amphioxus
Common characteristic of Phylum Chordata (4)
- presence of notochord
- presence of dorsal nerve cord
- post anal tail
- pharyngeal slits
brain and spinal cord found dorsally
dorsal nerve cord
used for locomotion
post anal tail
most anterior blunt end, with the following associated structures
head
most anterior end, terminal blunt end of the head
rostrum
used for burrowing
rostrum
where feeding structures are located, an expanded membrane of the ventral and greater part of the poorly developed head
oral hood
Where the vestibule cavity is enclosed/located
oral hood
Structure before the mouth
oral hood
cavity enclosed by the oral hood
vestibule
– contains receptor cells that is used to detect and prevent harmful material to enter the oral hood
buccal cirri
Stiff and ciliated tentacles projecting from the edge of the oral hood
buccal cirri
extends from the dorsal mid-line to the posterior, and ventral mid-line up to the atriopore respectively
dorsal and ventral fin
both used for stabilization of motion while travelling in water
dorsal and ventral fin
situated along the anterodorsal aspect of the animal
dorsal fin
– seen beneath the posterior quarter of the animal
ventral fin
pair of ventrolateral membranous folds on the flattened portion of the animal and continue forward from the anterior end of the ventral fins
lateral fin/metapleural fin
encloses the gill slits that forms the body cavity
metapleural fin
body cavity
atrium
laterally forms the atriopore and the body walls
lateral fin/metapleural fin
slightly expanded continuation of the dorsal and ventral fins that are slightly expanded surrounding the tail
caudal fin
used for movement in water
caudal fin
median ventral opening, posterior to the fusion of two metapleural fold
atriopore
opening that serves as an exit for gametes, urine, and filtered water
atriopore
usually found where gonads end and a folded shape
atriopore
opening situated on the left side of the caudal fin at point where the fin widens
anus
an opening that serves as an exit for waste material material
anus
Found at the end of the intestines (black spots)
anus
series of v-shaped masses of muscles arranged longitudinally separated by a connective tissue called myosepta
myotomes
connective tissues that separates myotomes
myosepta
mass of muscles that form a servies v-shaped and are longitudinally arranged
myotomes
Responsible for the body’s motor function that allows swimming by contracting
myotomes
rod extending along the entire length of the body from the rostrum to the tip of the caudal end
notochord
allow for the attachment of muscles, act as the vertebrae and plays a role in the nervous system
notochord
can be seen as multiple black vertical bars across the length of the organism
notochord
much smaller tube just above the notochord with the presences of ocelli
neural tube
row of black spots or simple eyes
ocelli
also called dorsal hollow nerve cord
neural tube
vertical membrane that surrounds the mouth which is provided with velar tentacles
velum
also called mouth
velum
serves as feeding structures that prevent unwanted material to enter (projections)
velar tentacles
row of finger-like projections located at the inner surface of the posterior part of the oral hood
wheel organ
most dorsal part of the wheel organ
hatschek pit
Longest finger-like structure, among the other rows of wheel organs, that produces muscus to trap food
hatschek pit
Most dorsal part of the wheel organ
hatschek pit
ventral part of the pharynx where food gathers and where water is filtered to the atriopore
endostyle
dorsal part of the pharynx where food enters to the esophagus
epipharyngeal groove
connects the endostyle and epipharyngeal groove
peripharyngeal slit
releases digestive enzymes
hepatic cecum
what form the pharynx
pharyngeal bars or gill bars
pharyngeal slits or gill slits
series of dark bands that lies after the velum
pharyngeal bars
pharyngeal bars are also called
branchial bars
alternating light bands considered as openings formed by the pharyngeal bars
pharyngeal clefts
black ring that can be seen on the intestine
iliocolon ring
Where food is digested by rotating while food is mixed with enzymes
iliocolon ring
label the anatomical parts of the amphioxus
grade yourself accordingly
