Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > Muscle Diseases > Flashcards

Muscle Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

how do muscle diseases present

A

myalgia (muscle pain)
muscle weakness/tiredness
stiffness
abnormal blood tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what type of myopathy are polymyositis and dermatomyositis

A

idiopathic inflammatory myopathies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

who is more likely to get polymyositis and dermatomyositis

A

females 2 : males 1

40-50 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what there an increased incidence of in patients with polymositis and dermatomyositis

A

malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is seen histologically in polymyositis and dermatomyositis

A

muscle biopsy: muscle fibre necrosis, degeneration, regeneration and an inflammatory cell infiltrate.
perivascular necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the clinical features of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (polymyositis and dermatomyositis)

A

MUSCLE WEAKNESS

insidious onset, worsening over months
usually symmetrical, proximal muscles

myalgia in 25-50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what extra features distinguish the clinical presentation of dermatomyositis from polymyositis

A

cutaneous signs

  • gottrons sign
  • heliotrope rash
  • shawl sign
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what other organs can be involved in inflammatory myositis

A

lung (ILD, resp muscle weakness)

oesophagus (dysphagia

cardiac (myocarditis)

also:
fever, weight loss, raynauds, non-erosive polyarthritis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what cancers are associated with inflammatory myositis

A

ovarian, breast, stomach, lung, bladder and colon cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

in a history of a patient with an inflammatory myositis, what are other common medical problems

A

Dermatomyositis, thyroid disease, raynauds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is isotonic testing

A

30 second sit to stand test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what tests can be included to test muscle function

A

confrontational testing- tests direct power

isotonic testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what blood tests can be done into inflammatory myositis

A

muscle enzymes- creatine kinase (CK)
inflammatory markers
electrolytes, calcium, PTH, TSH (to exclude other causes)
autoantibodies (ANA, Anti-Jo-1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is seen in electromyography in inflammatory myositis

A

increased fibrillations
abnormal motor potentials
complex repetitive discharges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the definitive test for inflammatory myositis

A

muscle biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is seen in biopsy of inflammatory myositis

A

muscle inflammation,
oedema,
fibrosis,
calcification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the treatment for idiopathic inflammatory myosisitis (polymyositis and dermatomyositis)

A 
glucocorticoids
azathioprine 
methotrexate
ciclosporin 
IV immunoglobulin 
rituximab
18
Q

what medication might cause a similar presentation to myositis

A

atorvastatin

19
Q

what is polymyalgia rheumatica

A

idiopathic inflammatory condition associated with temporal arteritis/ giant cell arteritis

20
Q

who gets polymyalgia rheumatica

A

over 50s

21
Q

what is the clinical presentation of polymyalgia rheumatica

A

ache in shoulder and hip girdle

morning stiffness

usually symmetrical

fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, fever

reduced movement of shoulders, neck and hips

22
Q

what is muscle strength like in polymyalgia rheumatica

A

normal

23
Q

what is temporal arteritis/ giant cell artheritis

A

granulomatous arteritis of large vessels

24
Q

what are the symptoms of temporal arteritis/ giant cell arteritis

A

headache, scalp tenderness, jaw claudication, visual loss, tender, enlarged, non pulsatile temporal arteries

25
Q

how do you diagnose temporal arteritis/ (GCA)

A

raised ESR, plama viscosity, CRP

temporal artery biopsy

26
Q

how do you treat temporal arteritis/ GCA

A

steroids (prednisolone 40mg, 60mg if visual impairment)- gradually reduced over around 18 months to 2 years

steroids as a diagnostic tool- Symptoms respond very dramatically to low dose steroids (prednisolone 15mg daily)

27
Q

what is fibromyalgia

A

idiopathic chronic (MSK) pain disorder

28
Q

is fibromyalgia associated with inflammation

A

no

29
Q

who gets fibromyalgia

A

females 6 : males 1

22-50 y/o

30
Q

when does fibromyalgia pain sometimes begin

A

after emotional or physical trauma

31
Q

what is the pathology of fibromyalgia

A

dorsal horn neurones become hyperresponsive to nociceptive and nonnociceptive somatic senation due to extracellular Ca+ and nitric acid diffusing into neurones resulting in exaggerated release of sustance P and glutamate

hyperalgesia

32
Q

what are the clinical manifestations of fibromyalgia

A

pain; neck, shoulders, lower back, chest wall

diffuse and chronic, varies in intensity
symptoms worse with exertion, fatigue and stress

sensation of swelling, fatigue, poor, unrefreshing sleep

pins and needles/ tingling, headaches, depression, abdominal pain (IBS), poor concentration and memory

33
Q

what are the clinical findings in fibromyalgia

A

excessive tenderness on palpation of soft tissues

11/18 tender points

no abnormalities of MSK system

34
Q

what is the treatment for fibromyalgia

A

education
exercise programme
congitive behavioural therapy
complemetary medicine (acupuncture)

anti depressants (tricylics- amitriptyline)
analgesia
gabapentin and pregabalin

35
Q

does morphine help in fibromyalgia

A

no

36
Q

what is pain of the shoulder and hips without weakness in in 70s

A

polymyalgia rheumatica

37
Q

what condition commonly co exists with PMR

A

giant cell vacsulitis

38
Q

what responds rapidly to steroids

A

PMR

39
Q

what is CK raised in

A

polymyositis only (and dermomyositis

40
Q

what anti body for polymyositis

A

anti jo 1

41
Q

what palpation can show firbomyalgia

A

excessive tenderness of palpation of soft tissue in 11 out of 18 sites

42
Q

what is difficulty climbing the stairs a sign of

A

polymyositis

MSK (71 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions