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MSK > Anatomy- Posterior Shoulder and Rotator cuff > Flashcards

Anatomy- Posterior Shoulder and Rotator cuff Flashcards

1
Q

what are the axio-appendicular muscles

A 
(originate from the torso)
trapezius, 
rhomboid minor and major, 
serratus anterior, 
subclavius,
latissimus dorsi 
levator scapulae
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2
Q

what nerve innervates the levator scapulae

A

dorsal scapula nerve

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3
Q

what are the 4 rotator cuff muscles

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

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4
Q

where do the rotator cuff muscles insert

A

teres minor and supra and infraspinatus insert onto the greater tuberosity

subscapularis inserts into the lesser tuberosity

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5
Q

what are the roles of the rotator cuffs

A

hold head of humerus in the glenoid fossa

first 15 degrees of abduction of arm done by supraspinatus

infraspinatus and teres minor are lateral rotators

subscapularis is a medial rotator

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6
Q

how much of humeral head is in contact with the glenoid fossa at any time

A

1/3rd

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7
Q

what is the muscle of the posterior compartment of the arm

A

triceps brachii

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8
Q

what nerve innervates the triceps brachii

A

radial

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9
Q

what are the actions of the triceps brachii

A

extension of arm and forearm

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10
Q

what is the proximal attachment of the trapezius

A

medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae

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11
Q

what is the distal attachment of the trapezius

A

lateral third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

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12
Q

what innervates the trapexius

A

spinal accessory nerve (CN XI motor fibres), C3,C4 spinal nerves (pain and proprioceptive fibres)

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13
Q

what is the muscle action of the trapezius

A

descending part elevates

ascending part depresses

middle parts (all parts together) retracts the scapula

descending and ascending parts act together to rotate glenoid cavity superiorly

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14
Q

what is the proximal attachment of the latissimus dorsi

A

spinous processes pf inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3/4 ribs

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15
Q

what is the distal attachment of the latissimus dorsi

A

floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

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16
Q

what innervates the latissimus dorsi

A

thoracodorsal nerve (C6,7,8)

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17
Q

what is the muscle action of the latissimus dorsi

A

extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus

raises body towards arms during climbing

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18
Q

what is the proximal attachment of the levator scapulae

A

posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae

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19
Q

what is the distal attachment of the levator scapulae

A

medial border of scapula superior to root of scapula spine

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20
Q

what innervates the levator scapulae

A

dorsal scapular (C5) and cervical (C3,4) nerves

21
Q

what is the muscle action of the levator scapulae

A

elevates scapulae and tilts glenoid its cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula

22
Q

what is the proximal attachment of the rhomboid minor

A

nuchal ligament, spinous processes C7 and T1 vertebrae

23
Q

what is the proximal attachment of the rhomboid major

A

spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae

24
Q

what is the distal attachment of the rhomboid minor

A

smooth triangular area at medial end of scapular spine

25
Q

what is the distal attachment of the rhomboid major

A

medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle

26
Q

what innervates the rhomboid minor and major

A

dorsal scapular nerve (C4,C5)

27
Q

what is the muscle action of the rhomboid minor and major

A

retract the scapula and rotate it to depress the glenoid cavity
fixes scapula to the thoracic wall

28
Q

where is the teres minor located

A

inferior to the infraspinatus along the lateral border of the scapula

29
Q

what is the proximal attachment of the infraspinatus

A

infraspinatus fossa of the scapula

30
Q

what is the proximal attachment of the teres minor

A

middle part of lateral border of scapula

31
Q

what is the proximal attachment of the teres major

A

posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

32
Q

what is the proximal attachment of the subscapularis

A

subscapular fossa (most anterior part of the scapula)

33
Q

what is the distal attachment of the infraspinatus

A

middle facet of greater tubercle of the humerus

34
Q

what is the distal attachment of the teres minor

A

inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

35
Q

what is the distal attachment of the teres major

A

medial lip of inter-tubercular sulcus of humerus

36
Q

what is the distal attachment of the subscapularis

A

lesser tubercle of the humerus

37
Q

what innervates the infraspinatus

A

suprascapular nerve (C5,6)

38
Q

what innervates the teres minor

A

axillary nerve

39
Q

what innervates the teres major

A

lower subscapular nerve (C5,6)

40
Q

what innervates the subscapularis

A

upper and lower sub scapular nerves (C5,6,7)

41
Q

what is the muscle action of infraspinatus

A

laterally rotates arm

42
Q

what is the muscle action of teres minor

A

laterally rotates arm

43
Q

what is the muscle action of teres major

A

adducts and medially rotates arm

44
Q

what is the muscle action of subscapularis

A

medially rotates arm

45
Q

what is the combined rolled of the rotator cuff muscles

A

helps hold head of humerus in the glenoid cavity

46
Q

what does quadrangular space syndrome result in

A

impingement of the axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral artery as they pass through the quadrangular space

47
Q

what are the boundaries of the quadrangular space

A

teres minor
teres major
long head of triceps
humerus

48
Q

where does the suprascapular nerve travel

A

deep to supraspinatus

runs through the suprascapular notch under the superior transverse scapular ligament

49
Q

what artery runs overs the superior transverse scapular ligament

A

suprascapular artery

MSK (71 decks)

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