Anatomy- Posterior Shoulder and Rotator cuff

Question 1

what are the axio-appendicular muscles

Answer 1

(originate from the torso)
trapezius, 
rhomboid minor and major, 
serratus anterior, 
subclavius,
latissimus dorsi 
levator scapulae

Question 2

what nerve innervates the levator scapulae

Answer 2

dorsal scapula nerve

Question 3

what are the 4 rotator cuff muscles

Answer 3

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

Question 4

where do the rotator cuff muscles insert

Answer 4

teres minor and supra and infraspinatus insert onto the greater tuberosity

subscapularis inserts into the lesser tuberosity

Question 5

what are the roles of the rotator cuffs

Answer 5

hold head of humerus in the glenoid fossa

first 15 degrees of abduction of arm done by supraspinatus

infraspinatus and teres minor are lateral rotators

subscapularis is a medial rotator

Question 6

how much of humeral head is in contact with the glenoid fossa at any time

Answer 6

1/3rd

Question 7

what is the muscle of the posterior compartment of the arm

Answer 7

triceps brachii

Question 8

what nerve innervates the triceps brachii

Answer 8

radial

Question 9

what are the actions of the triceps brachii

Answer 9

extension of arm and forearm

Question 10

what is the proximal attachment of the trapezius

Answer 10

medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae

Question 11

what is the distal attachment of the trapezius

Answer 11

lateral third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

Question 12

what innervates the trapexius

Answer 12

spinal accessory nerve (CN XI motor fibres), C3,C4 spinal nerves (pain and proprioceptive fibres)

Question 13

what is the muscle action of the trapezius

Answer 13

descending part elevates

ascending part depresses

middle parts (all parts together) retracts the scapula

descending and ascending parts act together to rotate glenoid cavity superiorly

Question 14

what is the proximal attachment of the latissimus dorsi

Answer 14

spinous processes pf inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3/4 ribs

Question 15

what is the distal attachment of the latissimus dorsi

Answer 15

floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Question 16

what innervates the latissimus dorsi

Answer 16

thoracodorsal nerve (C6,7,8)

Question 17

what is the muscle action of the latissimus dorsi

Answer 17

extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus

raises body towards arms during climbing

Question 18

what is the proximal attachment of the levator scapulae

Answer 18

posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae

Question 19

what is the distal attachment of the levator scapulae

Answer 19

medial border of scapula superior to root of scapula spine

Question 20

what innervates the levator scapulae

Answer 20

dorsal scapular (C5) and cervical (C3,4) nerves

Question 21

what is the muscle action of the levator scapulae

Answer 21

elevates scapulae and tilts glenoid its cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula

Question 22

what is the proximal attachment of the rhomboid minor

Answer 22

nuchal ligament, spinous processes C7 and T1 vertebrae

Question 23

what is the proximal attachment of the rhomboid major

Answer 23

spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae

Question 24

what is the distal attachment of the rhomboid minor

Answer 24

smooth triangular area at medial end of scapular spine

Question 25

what is the distal attachment of the rhomboid major

Answer 25

medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle

Question 26

what innervates the rhomboid minor and major

Answer 26

dorsal scapular nerve (C4,C5)

Question 27

what is the muscle action of the rhomboid minor and major

Answer 27

retract the scapula and rotate it to depress the glenoid cavity fixes scapula to the thoracic wall

Question 28

where is the teres minor located

Answer 28

inferior to the infraspinatus along the lateral border of the scapula

Question 29

what is the proximal attachment of the infraspinatus

Answer 29

infraspinatus fossa of the scapula

Question 30

what is the proximal attachment of the teres minor

Answer 30

middle part of lateral border of scapula

Question 31

what is the proximal attachment of the teres major

Answer 31

posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

Question 32

what is the proximal attachment of the subscapularis

Answer 32

subscapular fossa (most anterior part of the scapula)

Question 33

what is the distal attachment of the infraspinatus

Answer 33

middle facet of greater tubercle of the humerus

Question 34

what is the distal attachment of the teres minor

Answer 34

inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Question 35

what is the distal attachment of the teres major

Answer 35

medial lip of inter-tubercular sulcus of humerus

Question 36

what is the distal attachment of the subscapularis

Answer 36

lesser tubercle of the humerus

Question 37

what innervates the infraspinatus

Answer 37

suprascapular nerve (C5,6)

Question 38

what innervates the teres minor

Answer 38

axillary nerve

Question 39

what innervates the teres major

Answer 39

lower subscapular nerve (C5,6)

Question 40

what innervates the subscapularis

Answer 40

upper and lower sub scapular nerves (C5,6,7)

Question 41

what is the muscle action of infraspinatus

Answer 41

laterally rotates arm

Question 42

what is the muscle action of teres minor

Answer 42

laterally rotates arm

Question 43

what is the muscle action of teres major

Answer 43

adducts and medially rotates arm

Question 44

what is the muscle action of subscapularis

Answer 44

medially rotates arm

Question 45

what is the combined rolled of the rotator cuff muscles

Answer 45

helps hold head of humerus in the glenoid cavity

Question 46

what does quadrangular space syndrome result in

Answer 46

impingement of the axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral artery as they pass through the quadrangular space

Question 47

what are the boundaries of the quadrangular space

Answer 47

teres minor teres major long head of triceps humerus

Question 48

where does the suprascapular nerve travel

Answer 48

deep to supraspinatus | runs through the suprascapular notch under the superior transverse scapular ligament

Question 49

what artery runs overs the superior transverse scapular ligament

Answer 49

suprascapular artery