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MSK > Clinical Anatomy of the Spine > Flashcards

Clinical Anatomy of the Spine Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three compartments of the knee joint

A

medial, lateral and patellofemoral

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2
Q

what bones make up the mortise of the ankle

A

tibia, fibula and talus

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3
Q

what bones are in the hindfoot

A

talus and calcaneous

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4
Q

which joint in foot can rotate

A

joints between hind and mid foot

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5
Q

what is the main arterial supply to the femoral head

A

medial circumflex

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6
Q

what are the two hip flexors

A

iliacus, psoas major

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7
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the iliacus

A

origin: iliac crest/ inner aspect of ilium
insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

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8
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the psoas major

A

origin: transverse processes L1-L5
insertion: lesser trochanter

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9
Q

what are the signs of a psoas abscess

A

irritates psoas- patients dont like having lip extended

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10
Q

what are the two secondary hip flexors

A

rectus femoris, sartorius

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11
Q

what is the rectus femoris part of

A

one of four heads of quadriceps

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12
Q

what is the origin an insertion of the rectus femoris

A

origin: AIIS
insertion: tibia via patella tendon

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13
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the sartorius

A

origin: ASIS
insertion: tibia

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14
Q

what is the extra hip role of the sartorius

A

externally rotates hip

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15
Q

as well as being hip flexors, hat do the rectus femoris and sartorius do

A

extensors of the knee

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16
Q

what is an avulsion fracture

A

injury to bone in area where tendon or ligament attaches to the bone

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17
Q

what are the five hip adductors

A 
adductor brevis 
adductor longus 
adductor magnus 
pectineus 
gracilis
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18
Q

what is the common origin of the hip adductors

A

inferior pubic rami

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19
Q

what clinical (3) issues can arise from the hip adductors

A

adductor tendinopathy
osteitis pubis
spasticity in NM conditions

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20
Q

what comprises the iliopsoas muscle group

A

psoas major and illiacus

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21
Q

what are the main hip abductors

A

gluteus minimus and medius

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22
Q

what is the origin of the gluteus minimus and medius

A

origin: iliac wing
insertion: greater trochanter of femur

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23
Q

what is the origin and insertions of the tensor fascia lata

A

origin: iliac crest
insertion: lateral tibia via iliotibial tract

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24
Q

what is the hip extensor in the gluteal region

A

gluteus maximus

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25
Q

what is the origin an insertion of the gluteus maximus

A

origin: posterior aspect of ilium/ sacrum
insertion: iliotibial tract

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26
Q

what are the hamstring muscles

A

biceps femoris
semimembranosus
semitendinosus

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27
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the biceps femoris

A

origin: long head- ischial tuberosity
short head- linea aspera

insertion: fibula head

28
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the semimembranosus

A

origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: posterior tibia

29
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the semitendinosus

A

origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: medial tibia

30
Q

what goes into the pes anserinus

A

semitendinosus, gracillis and sartorius

31
Q

what pain does a trochanteric bursitis cause

A

lateral hip pain

32
Q

what is the movements of the knee joint

A

mostly flexion and extension

33
Q

what does the ACL resist

A

anterior translocation and external rotation of the tibia on the femur

34
Q

what does the PCL resist

A

posterior translocation of the tibia on the femur

35
Q

which cruciate ligament look like hand in pockets

A

ACL

36
Q

what are the functions of the menisci

A

load transfer (shock absorbers)

increase femero-tibial conformity

stabilise the knee during movement

lubricate the knee

37
Q

what are the types of meniscal tear

A

radial (transverse)

bucket handle

38
Q

what is the function of the quadriceps muscle

A

knee extensors

39
Q

what makes up the quadriceps msucle

A

rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius
vastus medialis

40
Q

what is the common insertion of the quadriceps muscles

A

patellar tendon

41
Q

what are the components of the extensor mechanisms of the knee

A

quadriceps muscle- quadriceps tendon- patella- patella tendon- tibial tubercle

42
Q

what is patellar stability

A

factors which may predispose to patellar instability/ dysfunction

43
Q

what are the predisposing factors for patellar instability

A

genu valgum
femoral head anteversion
weak quads (vastus medialis)
ligamentous laxity

44
Q

who has a larger Q angle males or females

A

females

45
Q

what is the function of the hamstring muscles

A

knee flexors

46
Q

what are the 4 muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg

A

tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, pernoneus tertius

47
Q

what are the muscles in the lateral leg compartment (2)

A

fibularis longus and brevis

48
Q

what are the muscle in the deep posterior compartment of the leg

A

tibialis posterior, FHL, FDL, popliteus

49
Q

what nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg

A

superficial peroneal nerve

50
Q

what nerve sufflied the superficial posterior compartment of the skin

A

medial sural curaneous nerve

51
Q

what branches come off the common fibular (peroneal) nerve

A

superficial peroneal (L4-S1)

deep peroneal nerve (L4-5)

52
Q

where does the deep peroneal nerve supply

A

inbetween the big and 2nd toe

53
Q

what are the ankle plantar flexors

A

gastrocneumius: medial and lateral head, soleus, plantaris

54
Q

what is the origin of the gastrocnemius

A

femoral condyles

55
Q

what is the origin of the soleus

A

broad area on the posterior tibia/fibula

56
Q

what is the origin of the plantaris

A

lateral femoral condyle

57
Q

what is the common insertion of the gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris

A

calcaneus via the achilles tendon

58
Q

what is the main ankle dorsiflexors

A

tibialis anterior

59
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the tibial anterior

A

origin: lateral surface of proximal tibia
insertion: medial cuneiform, base 1st metatarsal

60
Q

what is the ankle joint

A

tibiotalar

61
Q

what are the medial and lateral ankle ligaments

A

medial- deltoid ligament

lateral- lateral ligament complex

62
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the tibialis posterior tendon

A

origin- posterior proximal tibia/ fibula

insertion- navicular/ plantar surface of medial cuneiform

63
Q

dysfunction of what tendon in common in the 6th gen + and causes pain on medial aspect and flattening of the foot

A

tibialis posterior tendon

64
Q

what ligament in the medial arch is known as the spring ligament

A

calcaneonavicular ligament

65
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the plantar fascia

A

origin: tuberosity of calcaneus
insertion: heads of metatarsals

MSK (71 decks)

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