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MSK > Anatomy- Anterior Arm, Anterior Forearm and Cubital Fossa > Flashcards

Anatomy- Anterior Arm, Anterior Forearm and Cubital Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

what muscles are in the anterior compartment of the arm

A

biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis

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2
Q

what is the innervation of the anterior compartment of the arm

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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3
Q

what are the actions of the anterior compartment of the arm

A

flexion of the arm and forarm

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4
Q

what is the extra role of the biceps brachii

A

also supinates the forearm

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5
Q

what muscles are in the superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

pronator teres,

flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris

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6
Q

what muscles are in the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

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7
Q

what muscles are in the deep layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus

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8
Q

what is the innervation of the anterior forearm

A

all median nerve expect:
-flexor carpi ulnaris
-medial half of flexor digitorum superficialis (digits 4 & 5)
which are ulnar nerve

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9
Q

what are the actions of the anterior forearm muscles

A
  • flexion of the wrist and digits
  • pronation
  • abduction and adduction of the wrist
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10
Q

how can the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm attach more proximal than the deep layer

A

as split to allow deep layer to go through

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11
Q

what does the biceps brachii consist of

A

long and short head (plus tendon of long and short head),

two distal tendons- biceps tendon and bicipital aponeurosis

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12
Q

what are the proximal attachments of biceps brachii

A

long head= supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

short head- coracoid process of the scapula

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13
Q

what three muscles attach to the coracoid process

A

pectoralis minor, coracobrachialis, short head of biceps

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14
Q

what is the path of the tendon of the long head of the biceps

A

passes superiorly in the intertubercular (bicipital) groove/ sulcus of the humerus

then becomes enclosed within the fibrous layer of the shoulder joint capsule

reaches the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

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15
Q

why might palpation of the tendon of the long head of biceps be painful

A

biceps tendinitis- causes shoulder pain, caused by movement of the ligament in the groove

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16
Q

what are the two distal attachments of the biceps brachii

A

the biceps tendon- attaches to the the radial tuberosity

the bicipital aponeurosis- blends with the deep (antebrachial) fascia on the medial side of the proximal forearm

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17
Q

what does the biceps deep tendon (myotactic) reflex test

A
  • confirms the function of the muscle
  • its peripheral nerve supply
  • central connections at the spinal chord level (reflex arc) and above (descending controls)
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18
Q

what are the peripheral nerves supplying the biceps brachii (and its nerve roots)

A

musculocutaneous (C5 and C6)

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19
Q

how is the biceps deep tendon reflex tested

A

placing the examiners thumb on the biceps tendon (within the cubital fossa) and then striking briskly the examiners thumb with a tendon hammer

this conveys a sudden stretch of the biceps tendon and should elicit an involuntary (reflex) contraction of the muscles (patient will flex their forearm at the elbow)

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20
Q

where does the coracobrachilalis attach proximally and distally

A

coracoid process of the scapula

medial surface of the humerus

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21
Q

where is coracobrachialis in relation to the other muscles of the anterior arm

A

deep to biceps brachii and medial to brachialis

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22
Q

what separates the coracobrachialis from the triceps

A

medial intermuscular septae

23
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the brachialis

A

humerus

coronoid process of ulnar

24
Q

where is brachialis in relation to the other muscles of the anterior arm

A

deep to biceps brachii and lateral to coracobrachilis

25
Q

what separates the brachialis from the triceps

A

lateral intermuscular septae

26
Q

what do the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm span

A

the shoulder and elbow joint

biceps brachii also spans the proximal radioulnar joint

27
Q

what muscle is the most powerful supinator of the forearm

A

biceps brachii

28
Q

what are the actions of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

flexion, abduction and adduction of the wrist (carpus)

flexion of the fingers (digits 2-5: index-little)

flexion of the thumb (muscles named pollicis)

pronation of the forearm at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints

29
Q

where do the muscles in the superficial anterior forearm originate

A

to the medial epicondyle of the humerus via the common flexor tendon

30
Q

where does pronator teres attach distally

A

lateral surface of the radius

31
Q

where does the palmaris longus attach distally

A

to the palmar aponeurosis

32
Q

where does the flexor carpi radialis attach distally

A

metacarpals on the radial side

33
Q

where does the flexor carpi ulnaris attach distally

A

metacarpals on the ulnar side

34
Q

where does the intermediate layer of the anterior forearm attach to proximally

A

medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna and radial head

35
Q

where does flexor digitorum superficialis attach distally (intermediate compartment)

A

has four muscle bellies/ tendons for the medial four digits- attaches at middle phalanges

36
Q

where do the deep muscles of the anterior forearm attach proximally

A

to the anterior surfaces of the radius or ulnar

37
Q

where does the flexor digitorum profundus attach proximally and distally

A

ulnar

distal phalanges of digits 2-5

38
Q

where does the flexor pollicis longus attach proximally and distally

A

radius

distal phalanx of the thumb

39
Q

where does the pronantor quadratus attach proximally and distally

A

anterior surface of ulnar to anterior surface of radius

40
Q

what holds the tendons of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm in place as they pass into the wrist and hand

A

palmar carpal ligament - at wrist joint

flexor retinaculum - at carpus

41
Q

where does the common flexor tendon attach proximally

A

medial epicondyle of the humerus

42
Q

what is golfers elbow

A

medial epicondylitis

-pain felt in area of medial epicondyle as a result of tendonitis of the common flexor tendon

43
Q

what is the superior boundary of the cubital fossa

A

a transverse line between the epicondyles of the humerus

44
Q

what is the medial boundary of the cubital fossa

A

pronator teres

45
Q

what is the lateral boundary of the cubital fossa

A

brachioradialis

46
Q

what are the superficial contents of the cubital fossa

A 
median cubital vein, cephalic vein, basilic vein 
distal tendon (deep and lateral) and aponeurosis (medial)  of biceps brachii are palpable in the fossa
47
Q

what are the deep contents of the cubital fossa

A

median nerve (medially), brachial artery, radial nerve (laterally)

48
Q

where does the median nerve after the cubital fosa

A

continues into the anterior compartment of the forearm

49
Q

what happens to the brachial artery at the cubital fossa

A

bifurcates into radial and ulnar arteries at the apex of the triangle

50
Q

what happens to the radial nerve at the cubital fossa

A

radial nerve divides into its superficial and deep branches when deep to brachialis
deep branch pierces supinator to enter to to entrt the foresr

51
Q

what is the cubital fossa

A

triangular space between skin and the anterior aspect of the capsule of the shoulder joint

52
Q

what is the funny bone

A

where the ulnar crosses the posterior surface of the medial epicondyle of the humerus

53
Q

how does the ulnar nerve reach the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

passes through flexor carpi ulnaris (in cubital tunnel)

MSK (71 decks)

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