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MSK > Anatomy- Popliteal fossa and posterior leg > Flashcards

Anatomy- Popliteal fossa and posterior leg Flashcards

1
Q

what is the popliteal fossa

A

space posterior to the knee joint, the main structure by which things enter and leave the leg

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2
Q

what is the superiormedial border of the popliteal fossa

A

semitendinosus/ semimembranosus

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3
Q

what is the superolateral border of the popliteal fossa

A

biceps femoris

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4
Q

what is the inferior border of the popliteal fossa

A

medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius

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5
Q

what happens to the small saphenous vein at the popliteal fossa

A

ends- passes through the deep fascia (popliteal fascia) in the median plane of the limb to drain into the popliteal vein

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6
Q

what is the roof of the popliteal fossa

A

popliteal fascia

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7
Q

what is contained in the PF in the median plane from superficial to deep (4) and where do these come from

A

(neurovascular bundle)

  • tibial nerve (from sciatic)
  • popliteal vein (continuation of posterior tibial vein)
  • popliteal lymph nodes (located along the popliteal vein)
  • popliteal artery (continuation of femoral artery)
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8
Q

where does the sciatic nerve divide and into what

A

sueprior apex of the fossa

into the tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

(this can happen in the gluteal or posterior thigh region)

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9
Q

what is the path of the tibial nerve

A

descends vertically through the fossa, straight down leg

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10
Q

what is the path of the common fibular nerve

A

skirts the lateral border of the fossa, deep to the beceps femoris tendon leaving the fossa between that tendon and the lateral head of the gastrocnemius to reach the fibular neck

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11
Q

what happens to the common fibular as it reaches the fibular head

A

winds around fibular head then divides into deep and superficial fibular nerves

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12
Q

where are the sural nerves found

A

within the region of the popliteal fossa (mainly in superficial fascia)

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13
Q

what do the sural nerves supply

A

skin and fascia on the posterolateral aspect of the leg and foot

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14
Q

what nerves give rise to the sural cutaneous nerves (which produces which nerve)

A

tibal nerve- medial sural cutaneous nerve

common fibular- lateral sural cutaneous nerve

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15
Q

what is the sural communicating branch

A

nerve that connects the medial and lateral sural cutaneous nerves and allows them to communicate

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16
Q

what forms the sural nerve

A

medial sural sutaneous nerve and fibres in the communicating branch combine to form sural nerve

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17
Q

what is the path of the sural nerve

A

leave the fossa to descend alongside the small saphenous vein in the superficial aspect of the medial plane of the posterior aspect of the leg

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18
Q

what does the tibial nerve give branches to supply

A

both heads of the gastrocnemius

the 2 deeper muscles of the fossa

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19
Q

what lies deep to the lateral head of the gastrocnemius in 90% of people

A

plantaris muscle

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20
Q

what is the calcaneal tendon

A

achilles tendon

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21
Q

what muscles combines inferiorly with the achilles tendon

A

plantatis

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22
Q

what muscle is deep to the plantaris

A

popliteus muscle

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23
Q

what tendons form the calcaneal

A

gastrocnemius and soleus

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24
Q

where does the calcaneal tendon attach

A

calcaneal tuberosity of the calcaneus

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25
Q

what is the normal result of the ankle jerk reflex

A

contraction of the gastrocnemius and soleus with the ankle slight platar flexing

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26
Q

what nerve roots does the ankle jerk reflex test

A

S1,2 (tibial nerve)

27
Q

what is the common fibular nerve vulnerable to

A

compression injury against the neck of the fibula- causes dysfunction of the nerve and muscle it supplies and abnormal sensation in the area of skin supplied by the nerve

can also be damage in fractures of the fibular neck

28
Q

what can make it difficult to palpate the popliteal pulse

A

popliteal artery’s deep location

the presence of popliteal fat

29
Q

what aids examination of the popliteal pulse

A

flexion of the knee to 30 degrees and relaxation of the hamstring muscles

30
Q

what muscles are in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg

A

gastrocnemius

soleus

plantaris

popliteus

31
Q

what nerve supplies the superficial group

A

tibial nerve

32
Q

what does the superficial group do

A

platarflexors

33
Q

what do the deep group of muscles do

A

flexors of toes and platarflexors of ankle

34
Q

what nerve supplies the deep group muscles

A

tibial

35
Q

what muscles are in the deep posterior compartment of the leg

A

flexor hallucis longus (toes)
flexor digitorum longus (digits)
tibialis posterior

36
Q

what divides the posterior compartment of the leg

A

intermuscular septa and the interoseous membrane between the tibia and the fibula

37
Q

what is the extra role of the tibialis posterior

A

assists the tibialis anterior (ant compartment) in inversion of the food

38
Q

what is the path of the tibial nerve in the posterior compartment

A

goes through the compartment deep to soleus in the company of the posterior tibial artery (and accompanying veins)

39
Q

from anterior to posterior, what leaves the posterior compartment to reach to sole of the foot

A

Tom Dick ANd Harry

tendons of Tibialis posterior and flexor Digitorum longus

posterior tibial Atery

tibial Nerve

the tendon of flexor Hallucis longus

40
Q

how do ‘Tom Dick And Harry’ reach the sole of the foot

A

pass posterior to the medial malleolus and deep to the flexor retinaculum

41
Q

where does the plantaris orginiate and insert

A

supracondylar ridge

calcaneal tendon

42
Q

where does the popliteus originate and insert

A

posterior surface of proximal tibia

lateral femoral condyle

43
Q

what doe s gastrocnemius have two of

A

heads

muscle bellies

44
Q

where do the heads of the gastrocnemius attach distally

A

to calcaneus via the achilles tendon

45
Q

where do the heads of the gastrocnemius attach to proximally

A

to their respective (medial and lateral) femoral condyle

46
Q

what are the roles of the gastrocnemius

A

as passes both knee and ankle joints:

  • weak knee flexor
  • powerful ankle plantar-flexor
47
Q

what is the proximal attachment of the soleus

A

neck of the fibula and the soleal line of the tibia (appears to slope inferiorly from lateral to medial)

48
Q

what is the distal attachment of the soleus

A

calcaneus via the achilles tendon

49
Q

is the ankle jerk reflex a deep tendon reflex

A

yes

50
Q

what position must the patient be in for the ankle jerk reflex

A

supine, lower limb external rotated, knee flexed, ankle dorsiflexed with gastrocnemius and soleus relaxed

51
Q

what tendon is struck in the ankle jerk test and where

A

calcaneal- proximal to its insertion into the calcaneus

52
Q

what is the fibular artery a branch of

A

the posterior tibial artery

53
Q

where does the popliteal artery branch and into what

A

immediately distal to the popliteal fossa

anterior and posterior tibial arteries

54
Q

what does the anterior tibial artery do

A

pierces the interosseous membrane to supply the anterior compartment of the leg

55
Q

what does the posterior tibial artery do

A

supplies the posterior compartment of the leg

56
Q

what is the path of the posterior tibial artery

A

runs with the tibial nerve, mainly between the superficial and deep muscles

57
Q

how does the posterior tibial artery leave the compartment

A

passes posterior to the medial malleolus (posterior tibial pulse) and deep to the flexor retinaculum

58
Q

where does the posterior tibial artery terminate and how

A

in the foot by dividing into the medial and lateral plantar arteries

59
Q

what does the fibular artery branch from

A

posterior tibial artery in the proximal half of the compartment

60
Q

what is the path and role o the fibular artery

A

descends in the compartment on the posterior intermuscular septum and sends perforating branches through the septum to supply to lateral compartment of the leg

61
Q

where does the flexor digitorum longus attach to proximally and distally

A

medial surface of tibia (inferior to soleal line)

distal phalanges of lateral four toes

62
Q

where does the flexor hallucis longus attach to proximally and distally

A

posterior surface of the tibula and the interosseous membrane

distal phalanx of the great toe

63
Q

where does the tibilalis posterior attach to proximally and distally

A

interosseous membrane

medial tarsal bones

64
Q

what in the lower limb does the sciatic nerve supply

A

posterior compartment of thigh

all compartments of the leg

intrinsic muscles of the foot

MSK (71 decks)

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