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MSK > Anatomy- Femoral triangle, anterior and medial thigh > Flashcards

Anatomy- Femoral triangle, anterior and medial thigh Flashcards

1
Q

what is the superior border of the femoral triangle

A

inguinal ligament

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2
Q

what is the medial border of the femoral triangle

A

lateral border of adductor longus

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3
Q

what is the lateral border of the femoral triangle

A

medial borer of sartorius

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4
Q

what is the floor of the femoral triangle

A

iliopsoas and pectineus

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5
Q

what is the roof of the femoral triangle

A

deep fascia (fascia lata)

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6
Q

what are the contents of the femoral triangle

A

femoral nerve
femoral artery
femoral vein
lymphatics

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7
Q

how do you remebr the positions of the contents of the femoral triagnle

A 
from lateral to medial NAVY
nerve 
artery 
vein 
lYmphatics
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8
Q

what hernia forms in the femoral lymphatic canal

A

femoral hernias

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9
Q

what envelops the femoral artery and vein

A

the femoral sheath

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10
Q

what is the femoral sheath

A

a short tube of transversalis and iliopsoas fascia from the abdominal wall which surrounds the most proximal parts of the vessels

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11
Q

what happens to the femoral sheath inferiorly

A

blends with the adventitia of femoral artery and vein

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12
Q

does the femoral sheath contain the femoral nerve

A

no, lies outside and lateral to the sheath

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13
Q

where does the femoral nerve leave the spinal chord

A

L2,3,4- is formed in lumbar plexus

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14
Q

where does the saphenous nerve come from

A

(sensory) branches from the femoral nerve to leave the adductor canal distally by passing from medial compartment between sartorius and gracilis

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15
Q

what are the three compartments of the thigh

A

anterior, medial and posterior

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16
Q

within the anterior compartment of the thigh, what are the flexors of the thigh

A

pectineus
iliopsoas
sartorius
rectus femoris

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17
Q

within the anterior compartment of the thigh, what is the extensor of the leg

A

quadriceps femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus mediallis
vastus intermedius

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18
Q

what nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior thigh

A

all femoral nerve (L2,3,4) except psoas major (L1,2,3)

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19
Q

in the medial compartment of the thigh what are the adductors of the thigh

A 
adductor longus
adductor brevis 
adductor magnus 
gracillis
obturator externus
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20
Q

what nerve innervates the components of the medial compartment of the thigh

A

all obturator nerve (L2,3,4)

except hamstring part of adductor magnus (tibial nerve)

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21
Q

in the posterior compartment of the thigh, what are the extensors of the thigh and flexors of the leg

A

semitendinosus
semimembranosus
biceps femoris

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22
Q

what is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the thigh

A

all tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

short head biceps femoris (common fibular division of sciatic nerve)

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23
Q

what does the femoral nerve supply after it passes through the medial compartment of the thigh (between sartorius and gracilis)

A

the fascia and skin of the anteromedial aspects of the knee and leg and the medial aspect of the foot

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24
Q

what does the saphenous nerve accompany in the leg

A

the saphenous vein

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25
Q

what is a femoral hernia

A

increased abdominal pressure causing peritoneum (+/- abdo contents) herniating into the femoral canal

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26
Q

what does the femoral canal contain and form

A

contains inguinal lymph nodes and adipose tissue

forms most medial part of of the femoral sheath

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27
Q

what supplies the majority of the blood to the head of the femor

A

the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries through their retinacular branches

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28
Q

where do the medial and lateral circumflex arteries travel in the hip joint

A

pass superiorly in relation to the femoral neck and capsule of the hip joint

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29
Q

what are the circumflex femoral arteries medial and lateral

A

named according to the aspect of the profunda femoris artery from which they emerge

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30
Q

what artery creates the femoral pulse

A

femoral artery

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31
Q

what is the inferior border of the external oblique aponeurosis

A

the inguinal ligament

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32
Q

what is the external oblique aponeurosis

A

the flattened tendon of the most superficial of the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles

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33
Q

what does the inguinal ligament run between

A

the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the pubic tubercle

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34
Q

what does the inguinal ligament form and contain

A

a gutter which’s medial half contains the inguinal canal

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35
Q

what does the inguinal canal contain

A

men- spermatic chord

women- round ligament

both have genitofemoral and ilioingional nerves

36
Q

what is the relation of the inguinal ligament and the femoral vessels, femoral nerve and iliopsoas muscle/combined tendon

A

the femoral nerve and vessels plus iliopsoas muscle/combined tendon enter/ leave the lower limb by passing deep (posterior) to the inguinal ligament in the retroinguinal space

37
Q

what is the fascia lata

A

the deep fascia of the thigh

38
Q

what do the muscles of the anterior thigh main act to do

A

flex at the hip and extend at the knee

39
Q

what is the proximal attachment of the iliopsoas

A

iliac fossa (iliacus)
and
lumbar transverse processes/ IV discs (psoas major)

40
Q

what is the distal attachment of the iliopsoas

A

lesser trochanter of the femur

41
Q

what is the nerve supply of the iliopsoas

A

anterior rami of lumbar spinal nerves (psoas major L1,2,3)

42
Q

what is the proximal attachment of the sartorius

A

ASIS

43
Q

what is the distal attachment of the sartorius

A

medial surface of proximal tibia (via pes anserinus)

44
Q

what is the pes anserinus

A

combined tendon of the sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus

45
Q

what is the role of the iliopsoas

A

flexion at the hip

46
Q

what is the role of sartorius

A

flexion at the hip and knee

47
Q

what are the four muscles making up the quadriceps femoris

A 
rectus femoris (most superficial)
vastus lateralis (most lateral)
vastus intermedius (under rectus f)
vastus medius 
(most medial)
48
Q

what is the proximal attachment of the rectus femoris

A

ASIS

49
Q

what is the distal attachment of the rectus femoris

A

patella (via quadriceps tendon) then tibial tuberosity (via patellar tendon/ligament)

50
Q

what is the proximal attachment of the vastus muscles

A

shaft of femur

51
Q

what is the distal attachment of the vastus muscles

A

patella (via quadriceps tendon) then tibial tuberosity (via patella tendon/ligament)

52
Q

what is the role of the quadriceps femoris

A

extension of the knee (and weak flexion of the hip for rectus femoris)

53
Q

what nerve supplies the sartorius and qyadriceps femoris

A

femoral nerve

54
Q

what is the knee jerk and how is it produced

A

a deep tendon reflex excited by striking the patellar ligament with a tendon hammer to suggest a sudden stretch of the quadriceps muscle. produces a reflex contraction of the quadriceps and slight extension at the knee joint

55
Q

what does the knee jerk test

A

the function of the muscle and its nerve supply (femoral nerve (L2-4), the spinal chord connection (reflex arc) and descending controls from the brain

56
Q

what is the role of the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh

A

adduct the thigh at the hip joint

57
Q

what muscles make up the medial compartment

A

gracilis
adductors; brevis, longus and magnus

plus:
pectineus and obturator externis

58
Q

what nerve innervates the medial compartment of the thigh

A

all obturator (L2-4) except hamstring part of adductor magnus (tibial nerve (sciatic)) and pectineus (femoral)

59
Q

what is the role of pectineus

A

adduct and flex thigh at hip

60
Q

what is the extra role of adductor longus and magnus

A

can medially rotate the thigh

61
Q

what is the adductor hiatus and what does it do

A

gap in adductor magnus which allows the femoral artery and vein to pass through into popliteal fossa

62
Q

where does the obturator externis proximally attach to and what is its role

A

attaches to lateral/external surface of obturator membrane to the greater trochanter of femur

laterally rotates the femur- DOESNT ADDUCT

63
Q

what is the most medial muscle int the anterior thigh compartment

A

gracilis

64
Q

why can the gracilis act as a weak flexor of the knee

A

as it is only hamstring to pass both knee and hip joint

65
Q

what is the order of the adductor muscles

A

adductors brevis and longus lie anterior to magnus, with brevis superior to longus

66
Q

what is the proximal attachment of the gracilis and adductor brevis and longus

A

body of pubis

67
Q

what is the proximal attachment of the adductor magnus

A

has two
-hamstring part ischial tuberosity

-adductor part ischiopubic ramus

68
Q

where does the obturator externis distally attach to and what innervates it

A

trochanteric fossa (greater trochanter)

obturator

69
Q

what is the distal attachment of gracilis

A

medial surface of proximal tibia (between sartorius and semtendinosus attachments)

70
Q

where does the adductor longus distally attach

A

middle third of posterior shaft of femur along the linea aspera

71
Q

where does the adductor brevis distally attach to

A

upper 1/3rd of posterior shaft of femur along the linae aspera

72
Q

where does the adductor magnus distally attach

A

has two
-hamstring part adductor tubercle of the femur

-adductor part posterior surface of femur along linae aspera

73
Q

how does the obturator nerve enter the medial compartment of the thigh

A

via obturator foramen in the hip bone

74
Q

what happens to the obturator nerve at the upper border of the adductor brevis

A

divides into anterior and posterior branches

75
Q

where can the anterior branch of the obtruator nerve be located

A

between adductors longus (anteriorly) and brevis (posteriorly) in superior part of anterior compartment

76
Q

what are the three compartments of the femoral sheath

A

one for femoral artery, one for femoral vein, one for lymphatic (femoral canal- femoral hernia)

77
Q

what other artery is in the femoral triangle

A

the right profunda femoris artery (deep artery of the thigh)

78
Q

how do you remeber the border of the femoral triangle

A

SAIL (from lateral to superior)

  • sartorius
  • adductor longus
  • inguinal ligament
79
Q

what three nerves provide sensory innervation of the thigh

A

anterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (branch of femoral)

lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (branch of the lumbosacral plexus L2-3)

cutaneous branch of the obturator nerve (L2-4)

80
Q

what does lymph from superficial structures tend to follow

A

great and small saphenous veins

81
Q

where does lymph from the great saphenous vein drain into

A

the superficial inguinal lymph nodes (located in superficial fascia around the vein)

82
Q

where does lymph from the superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain into

A

the external iliac nodes- some into deep inguinal nodes

83
Q

where does lymph following the small saphenous vein drain into

A

popliteal lymph nodes located in the popliteal fossa

84
Q

where does lymph from the popliteal nodes then drain into

A

deep inguinal nodes

85
Q

where are the deep inguinal nodes found

A

deep to the deep fascia of the thigh (fascia lata) medial to the femoral vein

86
Q

where do deep inguinal nodes drain into

A

external iliac nodes

87
Q

where does all lymph from lower limb ultimately drain to

A

external iliac nodes

MSK (71 decks)

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