Anatomy- Femoral triangle, anterior and medial thigh

Question 1

what is the superior border of the femoral triangle

Answer 1

inguinal ligament

Question 2

what is the medial border of the femoral triangle

Answer 2

lateral border of adductor longus

Question 3

what is the lateral border of the femoral triangle

Answer 3

medial borer of sartorius

Question 4

what is the floor of the femoral triangle

Answer 4

iliopsoas and pectineus

Question 5

what is the roof of the femoral triangle

Answer 5

deep fascia (fascia lata)

Question 6

what are the contents of the femoral triangle

Answer 6

femoral nerve
femoral artery
femoral vein
lymphatics

Question 7

how do you remebr the positions of the contents of the femoral triagnle

Answer 7

from lateral to medial NAVY
nerve 
artery 
vein 
lYmphatics

Question 8

what hernia forms in the femoral lymphatic canal

Answer 8

femoral hernias

Question 9

what envelops the femoral artery and vein

Answer 9

the femoral sheath

Question 10

what is the femoral sheath

Answer 10

a short tube of transversalis and iliopsoas fascia from the abdominal wall which surrounds the most proximal parts of the vessels

Question 11

what happens to the femoral sheath inferiorly

Answer 11

blends with the adventitia of femoral artery and vein

Question 12

does the femoral sheath contain the femoral nerve

Answer 12

no, lies outside and lateral to the sheath

Question 13

where does the femoral nerve leave the spinal chord

Answer 13

L2,3,4- is formed in lumbar plexus

Question 14

where does the saphenous nerve come from

Answer 14

(sensory) branches from the femoral nerve to leave the adductor canal distally by passing from medial compartment between sartorius and gracilis

Question 15

what are the three compartments of the thigh

Answer 15

anterior, medial and posterior

Question 16

within the anterior compartment of the thigh, what are the flexors of the thigh

Answer 16

pectineus
iliopsoas
sartorius
rectus femoris

Question 17

within the anterior compartment of the thigh, what is the extensor of the leg

Answer 17

quadriceps femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus mediallis
vastus intermedius

Question 18

what nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior thigh

Answer 18

all femoral nerve (L2,3,4) except psoas major (L1,2,3)

Question 19

in the medial compartment of the thigh what are the adductors of the thigh

Answer 19

adductor longus
adductor brevis 
adductor magnus 
gracillis
obturator externus

Question 20

what nerve innervates the components of the medial compartment of the thigh

Answer 20

all obturator nerve (L2,3,4)

except hamstring part of adductor magnus (tibial nerve)

Question 21

in the posterior compartment of the thigh, what are the extensors of the thigh and flexors of the leg

Answer 21

semitendinosus
semimembranosus
biceps femoris

Question 22

what is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the thigh

Answer 22

all tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

short head biceps femoris (common fibular division of sciatic nerve)

Question 23

what does the femoral nerve supply after it passes through the medial compartment of the thigh (between sartorius and gracilis)

Answer 23

the fascia and skin of the anteromedial aspects of the knee and leg and the medial aspect of the foot

Question 24

what does the saphenous nerve accompany in the leg

Answer 24

the saphenous vein

Question 25

what is a femoral hernia

Answer 25

increased abdominal pressure causing peritoneum (+/- abdo contents) herniating into the femoral canal

Question 26

what does the femoral canal contain and form

Answer 26

contains inguinal lymph nodes and adipose tissue forms most medial part of of the femoral sheath

Question 27

what supplies the majority of the blood to the head of the femor

Answer 27

the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries through their retinacular branches

Question 28

where do the medial and lateral circumflex arteries travel in the hip joint

Answer 28

pass superiorly in relation to the femoral neck and capsule of the hip joint

Question 29

what are the circumflex femoral arteries medial and lateral

Answer 29

named according to the aspect of the profunda femoris artery from which they emerge

Question 30

what artery creates the femoral pulse

Answer 30

femoral artery

Question 31

what is the inferior border of the external oblique aponeurosis

Answer 31

the inguinal ligament

Question 32

what is the external oblique aponeurosis

Answer 32

the flattened tendon of the most superficial of the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles

Question 33

what does the inguinal ligament run between

Answer 33

the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the pubic tubercle

Question 34

what does the inguinal ligament form and contain

Answer 34

a gutter which's medial half contains the inguinal canal

Question 35

what does the inguinal canal contain

Answer 35

men- spermatic chord women- round ligament both have genitofemoral and ilioingional nerves

Question 36

what is the relation of the inguinal ligament and the femoral vessels, femoral nerve and iliopsoas muscle/combined tendon

Answer 36

the femoral nerve and vessels plus iliopsoas muscle/combined tendon enter/ leave the lower limb by passing deep (posterior) to the inguinal ligament in the retroinguinal space

Question 37

what is the fascia lata

Answer 37

the deep fascia of the thigh

Question 38

what do the muscles of the anterior thigh main act to do

Answer 38

flex at the hip and extend at the knee

Question 39

what is the proximal attachment of the iliopsoas

Answer 39

iliac fossa (iliacus) and lumbar transverse processes/ IV discs (psoas major)

Question 40

what is the distal attachment of the iliopsoas

Answer 40

lesser trochanter of the femur

Question 41

what is the nerve supply of the iliopsoas

Answer 41

anterior rami of lumbar spinal nerves (psoas major L1,2,3)

Question 42

what is the proximal attachment of the sartorius

Answer 42

ASIS

Question 43

what is the distal attachment of the sartorius

Answer 43

medial surface of proximal tibia (via pes anserinus)

Question 44

what is the pes anserinus

Answer 44

combined tendon of the sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus

Question 45

what is the role of the iliopsoas

Answer 45

flexion at the hip

Question 46

what is the role of sartorius

Answer 46

flexion at the hip and knee

Question 47

what are the four muscles making up the quadriceps femoris

Answer 47

``` rectus femoris (most superficial) vastus lateralis (most lateral) vastus intermedius (under rectus f) vastus medius (most medial) ```

Question 48

what is the proximal attachment of the rectus femoris

Answer 48

ASIS

Question 49

what is the distal attachment of the rectus femoris

Answer 49

patella (via quadriceps tendon) then tibial tuberosity (via patellar tendon/ligament)

Question 50

what is the proximal attachment of the vastus muscles

Answer 50

shaft of femur

Question 51

what is the distal attachment of the vastus muscles

Answer 51

patella (via quadriceps tendon) then tibial tuberosity (via patella tendon/ligament)

Question 52

what is the role of the quadriceps femoris

Answer 52

extension of the knee (and weak flexion of the hip for rectus femoris)

Question 53

what nerve supplies the sartorius and qyadriceps femoris

Answer 53

femoral nerve

Question 54

what is the knee jerk and how is it produced

Answer 54

a deep tendon reflex excited by striking the patellar ligament with a tendon hammer to suggest a sudden stretch of the quadriceps muscle. produces a reflex contraction of the quadriceps and slight extension at the knee joint

Question 55

what does the knee jerk test

Answer 55

the function of the muscle and its nerve supply (femoral nerve (L2-4), the spinal chord connection (reflex arc) and descending controls from the brain

Question 56

what is the role of the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh

Answer 56

adduct the thigh at the hip joint

Question 57

what muscles make up the medial compartment

Answer 57

gracilis adductors; brevis, longus and magnus plus: pectineus and obturator externis

Question 58

what nerve innervates the medial compartment of the thigh

Answer 58

all obturator (L2-4) except hamstring part of adductor magnus (tibial nerve (sciatic)) and pectineus (femoral)

Question 59

what is the role of pectineus

Answer 59

adduct and flex thigh at hip

Question 60

what is the extra role of adductor longus and magnus

Answer 60

can medially rotate the thigh

Question 61

what is the adductor hiatus and what does it do

Answer 61

gap in adductor magnus which allows the femoral artery and vein to pass through into popliteal fossa

Question 62

where does the obturator externis proximally attach to and what is its role

Answer 62

attaches to lateral/external surface of obturator membrane to the greater trochanter of femur laterally rotates the femur- DOESNT ADDUCT

Question 63

what is the most medial muscle int the anterior thigh compartment

Answer 63

gracilis

Question 64

why can the gracilis act as a weak flexor of the knee

Answer 64

as it is only hamstring to pass both knee and hip joint

Question 65

what is the order of the adductor muscles

Answer 65

adductors brevis and longus lie anterior to magnus, with brevis superior to longus

Question 66

what is the proximal attachment of the gracilis and adductor brevis and longus

Answer 66

body of pubis

Question 67

what is the proximal attachment of the adductor magnus

Answer 67

has two -hamstring part ischial tuberosity -adductor part ischiopubic ramus

Question 68

where does the obturator externis distally attach to and what innervates it

Answer 68

trochanteric fossa (greater trochanter) obturator

Question 69

what is the distal attachment of gracilis

Answer 69

medial surface of proximal tibia (between sartorius and semtendinosus attachments)

Question 70

where does the adductor longus distally attach

Answer 70

middle third of posterior shaft of femur along the linea aspera

Question 71

where does the adductor brevis distally attach to

Answer 71

upper 1/3rd of posterior shaft of femur along the linae aspera

Question 72

where does the adductor magnus distally attach

Answer 72

has two -hamstring part adductor tubercle of the femur -adductor part posterior surface of femur along linae aspera

Question 73

how does the obturator nerve enter the medial compartment of the thigh

Answer 73

via obturator foramen in the hip bone

Question 74

what happens to the obturator nerve at the upper border of the adductor brevis

Answer 74

divides into anterior and posterior branches

Question 75

where can the anterior branch of the obtruator nerve be located

Answer 75

between adductors longus (anteriorly) and brevis (posteriorly) in superior part of anterior compartment

Question 76

what are the three compartments of the femoral sheath

Answer 76

one for femoral artery, one for femoral vein, one for lymphatic (femoral canal- femoral hernia)

Question 77

what other artery is in the femoral triangle

Answer 77

the right profunda femoris artery (deep artery of the thigh)

Question 78

how do you remeber the border of the femoral triangle

Answer 78

SAIL (from lateral to superior) - sartorius - adductor longus - inguinal ligament

Question 79

what three nerves provide sensory innervation of the thigh

Answer 79

anterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (branch of femoral) lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (branch of the lumbosacral plexus L2-3) cutaneous branch of the obturator nerve (L2-4)

Question 80

what does lymph from superficial structures tend to follow

Answer 80

great and small saphenous veins

Question 81

where does lymph from the great saphenous vein drain into

Answer 81

the superficial inguinal lymph nodes (located in superficial fascia around the vein)

Question 82

where does lymph from the superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain into

Answer 82

the external iliac nodes- some into deep inguinal nodes

Question 83

where does lymph following the small saphenous vein drain into

Answer 83

popliteal lymph nodes located in the popliteal fossa

Question 84

where does lymph from the popliteal nodes then drain into

Answer 84

deep inguinal nodes

Question 85

where are the deep inguinal nodes found

Answer 85

deep to the deep fascia of the thigh (fascia lata) medial to the femoral vein

Question 86

where do deep inguinal nodes drain into

Answer 86

external iliac nodes

Question 87

where does all lymph from lower limb ultimately drain to

Answer 87

external iliac nodes