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MSK > Anatomy- Knee, Anterior and Lateral Leg > Flashcards

Anatomy- Knee, Anterior and Lateral Leg Flashcards

1
Q

what are the roles of the muscles in the lateral component of the leg

A

evert foot and weakly plantarflex the ankle

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2
Q

what muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg

A

fibularis longus

finbularis brevis

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3
Q

what nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg

A

superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

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4
Q

what separates the anterior and lateral leg compartments

A

anterior intermuscular septum

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5
Q

which is the smallest component of the leg

A

lateral

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6
Q

where do the fibularis brevus and longus attach to proximally

A

upperlateral surface of fibula

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7
Q

what is the path and insertions of the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

A

pass from fibula to the plantar surface of the bases to the plantar surface of the bases of the 1st (longus) and 5th (brevis) metatarsal

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8
Q

where does the distal tendon of the fibularis longus go

A

passes beneath sole of foot to reach the base of the 1st metatarsal

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9
Q

what is the main function of fibularis muscles

A

to evert the foot

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10
Q

what is the main role of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg

A

dorsiflexion of the ankle, great toe and digits

inversion (tibialis inferior in combo with tibialis posterior)

eversion (fibularis tertius with fibrularis longus and brevis)of the foot

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11
Q

what nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg

A

all deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

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12
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg

A

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucislongus, fibularis tertius

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13
Q

what type of joint is the knee

A

synovial hinge joint

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14
Q

what are the articulations in the knee joint

A

3 articulations
2 x femerotibial
1 x femeropatellar

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15
Q

what is the main movement of the knee joint

A

flexion-extension

some medial-lateral rotation can occur when knee is flexed

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16
Q

what is stronger the hip or knee joint

A

hip

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17
Q

what is the knee joint strengthened by

A

ligaments

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18
Q

what are the extracapsular (outside joint capsules) knee joint ligaments

A

lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
medial (tibial) collateral ligament
patellar ligament

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19
Q

what are the intra-articular (within knee joint) knee joint ligaments

A

anterior cruciate (ACL)

posterior cruciate (PCL)

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20
Q

describe the mensici

A

cresent shaped fibrocartilage

medial and lateral

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21
Q

what is the pes anserinus

A

combined tendon of the gracillis, sartorius and semitendinosus

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22
Q

is the fibula involved withe the knee joint

A

no

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23
Q

what can the knee joint do when its flexed at 90 degrees

A

a degree of medial and lateral rotation

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24
Q

what are the main muscles and nerves involved in flexion of the knee joint

A

hamstrings and gastrocnemius

tibial and common fibular nerve

25
what are the main muscles and nerves involved in extension of the knee joint
quadriceps femoral nerve
26
what are the main muscles and nerves involved in medial rotation of the knee joint
hamstrings and gracilis tibial and obturator nerves
27
what are the main muscles and nerves involved in lateral rotation of the knee joint
biceps femoris tibial and common fibular nerve
28
describe the fibrous capsule of the knee joint
attached round the margins of the articular cartilage and encloses the synovial cavity
29
what strengthens the fibrous capsule
strengthened by ligaments
30
which ligaments help to stabilise the knee joint
iliotibial tract tibial (medial) and fibular (lateral) collateral ligaments cruciate ligaments (anterior and posterior)
31
describe the menisci and their role
(medial and lateral) crescentic discs of fibrocartilage that act as shock absorbers as well as assisting with stabilisation of the curved femoral condyles upon the relatively flatter tibial condyles
32
name two common abnormalities of knee alignment
genu varum (bandy/ bow legs) genu valgam (knock knees)
33
what can predispose to knee alignment abnormalities
loss of medial or lateral meniscus
34
where are the menisci thickest
peripherally where they are attached to the fibrous capsule
35
what is the medial meniscus attached to peripherally and what does this make it more vulnerable to
tibial (medial) collateral ligament tearing in a knee injury caused a blow to the lateral side of the knee that distracts and twists the medial aspect of the joint
36
what is an unhappy triad knee injury
one that ruptures the ACL, tears the medial meniscus and distracts and twists the medial aspect of the joint tearing the MCL
37
how are the menisci attached to the tibia
anchored anteriorly and posteriorly by attachment to the tibial intercondylar area
38
what are the inner (deep) edged of the menisci like
unattached to the bone and very thin
39
what determines the names of the cruciate ligament
anterior and posterior depending on their site of attachment to the intercondylar eminence of the tibia
40
where does the anterior cruciate ligament attach to
lateral femoral condyle to the anterior intercondylar eminence (goes superiorly, laterally and posteriorly)
41
what does the the anterior cruciate ligament so
prevents the anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur and the hyperextension of the knee joint
42
what test the integrity of the ACL
anterior drawer test
43
where does the Posterior cruciate ligament attach to
medial femoral condyle and the posterior intercondylar eminence of the tibia (lies medial to the ACL and passes superiorly and anteriorly
44
what does the PCL do
prevents posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur and helps hyperflexion of the joint
45
what can test the integrity of the PCL
posterior draw test
46
what is the suprapatellar bursa
an extension of the synovial cavity
47
what is the role of the suprapatellar bursa
reduces friction on the quadriceps tendon during knee movements
48
what can happen if abnormal fluid in the knee joint (blood, inflammatory exudate or pus) fills the suprapatellar bursa
causes a visible swelling in the lower third of the anterior thigh
49
what is the path of the common fibular nerve
enters the anterior leg from the popliteal fossa superficial to the neck of the fibular (vulnerable to injury)
50
where does the common fibular nerve divide
at the fibular neck
51
what does the fibular nerve divide into
superficial fibular nerve and the deep fibular nerve
52
what does the superficial fibular nerve supply
the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg and the skin/ fascia of the dorsum of the foot
53
what does the deep fibular nerve supply
the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg and skin of the first interdigital cleft
54
where does the tibialis anterior attach to distally and proximally
lateral side of tibia and interosseous membrane base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneifrom
55
where does the extensor hallucis longus attach to distally and proximally
middle half of tibia and interosseous membrane distal phalanges of great toe
56
where does the extensor digitorum longus attach to distally and proximally
medial surface of proximal tibia all digits
57
where does the fibularis tertius attach to distally and proximally
medial surface of tibia base of 5th metatarsal
58
what are the main actions of the group of muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg (be specific)
dorsiflexion of the ankle, great toe and digits inversion of the foot (tibialis anterior (in combo with tibialis posterior)) eversion of the foot (fibularis tertius with fibularis longus and brevis

MSK (71 decks)

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