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MSK > Anatomy- Knee, Anterior and Lateral Leg > Flashcards

Anatomy- Knee, Anterior and Lateral Leg Flashcards

1
Q

what are the roles of the muscles in the lateral component of the leg

A

evert foot and weakly plantarflex the ankle

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2
Q

what muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg

A

fibularis longus

finbularis brevis

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3
Q

what nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg

A

superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

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4
Q

what separates the anterior and lateral leg compartments

A

anterior intermuscular septum

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5
Q

which is the smallest component of the leg

A

lateral

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6
Q

where do the fibularis brevus and longus attach to proximally

A

upperlateral surface of fibula

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7
Q

what is the path and insertions of the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

A

pass from fibula to the plantar surface of the bases to the plantar surface of the bases of the 1st (longus) and 5th (brevis) metatarsal

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8
Q

where does the distal tendon of the fibularis longus go

A

passes beneath sole of foot to reach the base of the 1st metatarsal

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9
Q

what is the main function of fibularis muscles

A

to evert the foot

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10
Q

what is the main role of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg

A

dorsiflexion of the ankle, great toe and digits

inversion (tibialis inferior in combo with tibialis posterior)

eversion (fibularis tertius with fibrularis longus and brevis)of the foot

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11
Q

what nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg

A

all deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

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12
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg

A

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucislongus, fibularis tertius

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13
Q

what type of joint is the knee

A

synovial hinge joint

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14
Q

what are the articulations in the knee joint

A

3 articulations
2 x femerotibial
1 x femeropatellar

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15
Q

what is the main movement of the knee joint

A

flexion-extension

some medial-lateral rotation can occur when knee is flexed

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16
Q

what is stronger the hip or knee joint

A

hip

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17
Q

what is the knee joint strengthened by

A

ligaments

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18
Q

what are the extracapsular (outside joint capsules) knee joint ligaments

A

lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
medial (tibial) collateral ligament
patellar ligament

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19
Q

what are the intra-articular (within knee joint) knee joint ligaments

A

anterior cruciate (ACL)

posterior cruciate (PCL)

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20
Q

describe the mensici

A

cresent shaped fibrocartilage

medial and lateral

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21
Q

what is the pes anserinus

A

combined tendon of the gracillis, sartorius and semitendinosus

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22
Q

is the fibula involved withe the knee joint

A

no

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23
Q

what can the knee joint do when its flexed at 90 degrees

A

a degree of medial and lateral rotation

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24
Q

what are the main muscles and nerves involved in flexion of the knee joint

A

hamstrings and gastrocnemius

tibial and common fibular nerve

25
Q

what are the main muscles and nerves involved in extension of the knee joint

A

quadriceps

femoral nerve

26
Q

what are the main muscles and nerves involved in medial rotation of the knee joint

A

hamstrings and gracilis

tibial and obturator nerves

27
Q

what are the main muscles and nerves involved in lateral rotation of the knee joint

A

biceps femoris

tibial and common fibular nerve

28
Q

describe the fibrous capsule of the knee joint

A

attached round the margins of the articular cartilage and encloses the synovial cavity

29
Q

what strengthens the fibrous capsule

A

strengthened by ligaments

30
Q

which ligaments help to stabilise the knee joint

A

iliotibial tract
tibial (medial) and fibular (lateral) collateral ligaments
cruciate ligaments (anterior and posterior)

31
Q

describe the menisci and their role

A

(medial and lateral)
crescentic discs of fibrocartilage that act as shock absorbers as well as assisting with stabilisation of the curved femoral condyles upon the relatively flatter tibial condyles

32
Q

name two common abnormalities of knee alignment

A

genu varum (bandy/ bow legs)

genu valgam (knock knees)

33
Q

what can predispose to knee alignment abnormalities

A

loss of medial or lateral meniscus

34
Q

where are the menisci thickest

A

peripherally where they are attached to the fibrous capsule

35
Q

what is the medial meniscus attached to peripherally and what does this make it more vulnerable to

A

tibial (medial) collateral ligament

tearing in a knee injury caused a blow to the lateral side of the knee that distracts and twists the medial aspect of the joint

36
Q

what is an unhappy triad knee injury

A

one that ruptures the ACL, tears the medial meniscus and distracts and twists the medial aspect of the joint tearing the MCL

37
Q

how are the menisci attached to the tibia

A

anchored anteriorly and posteriorly by attachment to the tibial intercondylar area

38
Q

what are the inner (deep) edged of the menisci like

A

unattached to the bone and very thin

39
Q

what determines the names of the cruciate ligament

A

anterior and posterior depending on their site of attachment to the intercondylar eminence of the tibia

40
Q

where does the anterior cruciate ligament attach to

A

lateral femoral condyle to the anterior intercondylar eminence (goes superiorly, laterally and posteriorly)

41
Q

what does the the anterior cruciate ligament so

A

prevents the anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur and the hyperextension of the knee joint

42
Q

what test the integrity of the ACL

A

anterior drawer test

43
Q

where does the Posterior cruciate ligament attach to

A

medial femoral condyle and the posterior intercondylar eminence of the tibia

(lies medial to the ACL and passes superiorly and anteriorly

44
Q

what does the PCL do

A

prevents posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur and helps hyperflexion of the joint

45
Q

what can test the integrity of the PCL

A

posterior draw test

46
Q

what is the suprapatellar bursa

A

an extension of the synovial cavity

47
Q

what is the role of the suprapatellar bursa

A

reduces friction on the quadriceps tendon during knee movements

48
Q

what can happen if abnormal fluid in the knee joint (blood, inflammatory exudate or pus) fills the suprapatellar bursa

A

causes a visible swelling in the lower third of the anterior thigh

49
Q

what is the path of the common fibular nerve

A

enters the anterior leg from the popliteal fossa superficial to the neck of the fibular (vulnerable to injury)

50
Q

where does the common fibular nerve divide

A

at the fibular neck

51
Q

what does the fibular nerve divide into

A

superficial fibular nerve and the deep fibular nerve

52
Q

what does the superficial fibular nerve supply

A

the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg and the skin/ fascia of the dorsum of the foot

53
Q

what does the deep fibular nerve supply

A

the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg and skin of the first interdigital cleft

54
Q

where does the tibialis anterior attach to distally and proximally

A

lateral side of tibia and interosseous membrane

base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneifrom

55
Q

where does the extensor hallucis longus attach to distally and proximally

A

middle half of tibia and interosseous membrane

distal phalanges of great toe

56
Q

where does the extensor digitorum longus attach to distally and proximally

A

medial surface of proximal tibia

all digits

57
Q

where does the fibularis tertius attach to distally and proximally

A

medial surface of tibia

base of 5th metatarsal

58
Q

what are the main actions of the group of muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg (be specific)

A

dorsiflexion of the ankle, great toe and digits

inversion of the foot (tibialis anterior (in combo with tibialis posterior))

eversion of the foot (fibularis tertius with fibularis longus and brevis

MSK (71 decks)

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