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MSK > Anatomy- Gluteal region > Flashcards

Anatomy- Gluteal region Flashcards

1
Q

where is the gluteal region

A

between the back and the posterior thigh. is posterior to the pelvis

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2
Q

what is the pelvis superiorly bounded by

A

the iliac crests

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3
Q

what is the gluteal region bounded inferiorly by

A

gluteal fold/ sulcus

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4
Q

where is the intergluteal cleft

A

between the buttocks

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5
Q

what marks the lateral extent of the gluteal region

A

the greater trochantor of the femor

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6
Q

what muscles are in the superficial muscle layer (deep to the skin, superficial and deep fascia)

A

gluteus:
maximus, medius and minimus

tensor fascia latae

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7
Q

what do muscles in the superficial gluteal region do

A

extend, adduct and medially rotate the femor

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8
Q

where does the tensor fascia latea orginate and attach

A

iliac crest behind ASIS

inserts into iliotibial tract (band of fascia running down lateral leg)

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9
Q

what muscles are innervated by the superior gluteal nerv

A

tensor fascia latae

gluteus medius and minimus

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10
Q

what nerve innervates gluteus maximus

A

inferior gluteal nerve

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11
Q

where does the gluteus maximus attach to proximally

A

iliac crest, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament and coccyx

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12
Q

where does the gluteus maximus attach to distally

A

iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of the femur

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13
Q

what is the most powerful extensor of the hip

A

gluteus maximus (also stabilies knee and hip joint)

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14
Q

where do the gluteus medius and minimus attach to proximally

A

the external/ posterior/ gluteal aspect of the ilium

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15
Q

where do the gluteus medius and minimus attach to proximally

A

the anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter of the femor

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16
Q

what is the role of gluteus medius and minimus

A

abduct and medially rotate the thigh at the hip joint

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17
Q

what nerve supplies the gluteus medius and minimus

A

the superior gluteal nerve

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18
Q

what is trendenlenburg gait

A

walk caused by damage to the superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1 and S2)

downward tilt of pelvis on contralateral side upon weight bearing on the injured side due to weak hip abduction by the gluteus medius

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19
Q

what is contained in the inferior gluteal neurovascular bundle

A

the inferior gluteal artery, vein and nerve

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20
Q

what are the spinal chord roots of the superior and inferior gluteal nerves

A

L5, S1 and S2

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21
Q

where is the inferior gluteal neurovascular region located

A

deep to the gluteus maximus

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22
Q

what does the superior gluteal neurovascular bundle contain

A

superior gluteal artery, vein and nerve

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23
Q

where is the superior gluteal neurovascular bundle located

A

deep to the gluteus medius

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24
Q

what muscles are in the deep muscle group

A

piriformis
obturator internus
gemelli
quadratus femoris

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25
Q

what is the role of the deep muscle group

A

lateral rotators of the thigh and hip stabilisers (hold its head in the acetabulum)

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26
Q

what two lines define the quadrants of the gluteal region

A

from the greater trochanter to PSIS

extended from the midpoint of the iliac crest

27
Q

where do muscles in the deep muscle layer originate and insert

A 
they run medially to laterally from 
sacrum (piriformis)
ilium 
ischial spine 
ischial tuberosity (quadratus femoris)

to laterally the greater trochanter of the femur

28
Q

what is the iliotibial tract

A

thickening of the deep fascia of the thigh (fascia lata)

29
Q

where does the iliotibial tract run from

A

ASIS to the lateral aspect of the lateral tibial condyle at the gerdy tubercle

30
Q

what does the iliotibila tract do

A

supports the knee joiny

31
Q

what is the tensor fasciae latae

A

the musclular part of the fascia lata, is enclosed within the proximal portion of the tract

32
Q

what are the spinal roots of the sciatic nerves

A

L4-S3

33
Q

where does the sciatic and pudendal nerve form

A

the sacral plexus of the pelvis

34
Q

where does the sacral nerve emerge and descend to

A

emerges into the gluteal region then descends and leaves the region to enter the posterior compartment of the thigh

35
Q

describe the path of the branches of the sciatic nerve after the thigh

A

descends through the popliteal fossa and posterior and lateral compartments of the leg into the foot

36
Q

what is the largest nerve in the body

A

the sciatic nerve

37
Q

where are symptoms of slipped discs commonly felt

A

sciatica in the foot

38
Q

tightness in what muscle can cause sciatic leg pain

A

piriformis

39
Q

via what do nerves enter/ exit the pelvis and perineum

A

greater and lesser sciatic foramen

greater- pelvis
lesser- perineum

40
Q

what forms the greater and lesser sciatic foramens

A

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

41
Q

what in lower limb does the sciatic nerve supply

A

posterior thigh, all lef and foot muscle and most of skin via tibial and common fibular branches

42
Q

what is the principle nerve of the perineum

A

the pudendal S2-4 (2,3,4 guts of floor)

43
Q

what does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (s1-3) supply

A

skin over posterior thigh, popilteal fossa, lateral perineum and upper medial thigh

44
Q

where does the sciatic nerve usually exit

A

inferior to piriformis

45
Q

what is usually the most lateral structure exiting the greater sciatic foramen

A

the sciatic nerve

46
Q

what does the sciatic nerve innervate in the gluteal region

A

nothing

47
Q

what does the sciatic nerve separate into in the distal thigh

A

tibial nerve and common fibular

48
Q

what is the spinal roots of the pudendal nerve

A

S2,3,4

49
Q

where does the pudendal emerge

A

into the middle of the gluteal region

50
Q

what does the pudendal innervate

A

muscles, skin and fascia of much of the perineum

51
Q

what is pudendal nerve block

A

an obstetric procedure

52
Q

when should a lumbar puncture be done

A

to look for evidence affecting the brain, spinal chord or other parts of the nervous system

53
Q

what is recorded in a lumber puncture

A

pressures, samples of cerebrospinal fluid taken from subarachnoid space surrounding spinal chord

54
Q

describe the method for a lumbar puncture

A

patient should be on their left side and fully flexed (knees to chin)

the iliac crests should be identified and the plane between them visualised (L3/4)

a spinal pack should be used to remove CSF at this level

55
Q

in adults when does the spinal chord end

A

around L1/2 intervertebral disc

56
Q

why are spinal punctures done at level L3/4

A

to avoid injury to the terminal part of the spinal chord (conus medullaris)

57
Q

what nerves innervate the deep muscles

A

branches from the sacral plexus

58
Q

where does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh form

A

in the sacral plexus

59
Q

where does the PCNT emerge

A

into middle of gluteal region

60
Q

what is the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

A

somatic nerve that contains sensory and sympathetic fibres

61
Q

what does the PCNT innnervate

A

the skin over the posterior aspect of the thigh

62
Q

where should intergluteal injections be done

A

upper outer (superlateral) quadrant- to avoid sciatic nerve

63
Q

where does the sacrotuberous ligament run between

A

the sacrium and ischial tuberosity

64
Q

what does the sarcospinous ligament run between

A

sacrium and ischial spine

MSK (71 decks)

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