Anatomy- Feet

Question 1

what is the subtalar joint

Answer 1

between the talus and the calcaneus

Question 2

name the two midtarsal joints

Answer 2

calcaneocuboid

talocalcaneonavicular

Question 3

what type of joints are the subtalar and midtarsal joints

Answer 3

synovial

Question 4

what movements happen at the subtalar and midtarsal joints and what produces these movements

Answer 4

inversion- produced by tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior + tibial and deep fibular nerves

eversion- produced by the fibularis muscles/ both fibular nerves

Question 5

where is the tarsometatarsal joint

Answer 5

between the cuneiforms/ cuboid proximally and the metatarsals

Question 6

where is the metarsophalangeal joints

Answer 6

between the metatarsals and the proximal phalanges

Question 7

what type of joints are the tarsometatarsals and the MTPs

Answer 7

synoival

Question 8

what movements do the tarsometatarsal and MTP joints allow

Answer 8

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, cirumduction of the digits (toes)

Question 9

what type of joints are the interphalangeal joints

Answer 9

synovial hinge joints

Question 10

what movements do the interphalangeal joints allow

Answer 10

flexion and extension

Question 11

what is the function of the arches of the foot

Answer 11

provide shock absorption, ‘push off’ spring function and increased weight bearing capacity by weight distribution across the whole foot

Question 12

what supports the arches of the foot

Answer 12

the plantar aponeurosis and the plantar ligaments

Question 13

what is the plantar aponeurosis

Answer 13

thickened central area of the plantar fascia- the deep fascia of the foot

Question 14

what is another role of the plantar aponeurosis

Answer 14

protects against puncture wounds

Question 15

what bones male up the medial longitudinal arch of the foot

Answer 15

calcaneus, talus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms and metatarsals 1-3

(the bones of the medial aspect of the foot)

Question 16

what supports the medial longitudinal arch of the foot

Answer 16

flexor hallucis longus

the attachment of the tibialis anterior (to the junction between the medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal)

the attachment of the fibularis longus (tendon passes across the plantar aspect of the bones of the foot from lateral to medial to attach to the medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal)

Question 17

what forms the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot

Answer 17

calcaneus, cuboid and metatarsals 4 &5

usually weight bearing on standing

Question 18

what makes up the transverse arch of the foot

Answer 18

cuboid, cuneiforms, bases of all five metatarsals

Question 19

what supports the transverse arch

Answer 19

fibularis longus and tibialis posterior

Question 20

where do the intrinsic muscle of the foot attach proximally and distally

Answer 20

both within the foot

Question 21

where are the intrinsic muscle of the foot generally located

Answer 21

in compartments within the sole

Question 22

how are the intrinisc muscles arranged

Answer 22

in 3 layers or between the metararsals (7 interossei)

Question 23

what is the main role of the sole/ interosseous muscles of the foot

Answer 23

sole- flexion of the toes

inerossei- adduction/abduction of the toes

Question 24

what is the role of the 2 dorsal muscles of the foot

Answer 24

short extensors of the toes

Question 25

what are the arteries of the foot

Answer 25

dorsalis pedis

medial and lateral plantar arteries

Question 26

what is dorsalis pedis a branch of

Answer 26

anterior tibial artery

Question 27

where is the dorsalis pedis pulse taken

Answer 27

lateral to the extensor hallucis longus tendon

Question 28

what do branches of the doralis pedis artery give

Answer 28

arcuate artery on the dorsum of the foot

Question 29

what are the medial and lateral plantar arteries branches of

Answer 29

posterior tibial artery

Question 30

what do the medial and lateral plantar arteries contribute to

Answer 30

deep plantar arch

Question 31

what do the metatarsal arteries arise from

Answer 31

deep planter arch and the arcuate artery

Question 32

what does the arcuate artery branch into

Answer 32

digital arteries

Question 33

how many digital arteries per toe

Answer 33

4 (as in hand)

Question 34

what are the superficial veins of the foot and what do they give rise

Answer 34

dorsal venous arch

gives rise to great (medially) and small (laterally) saphenous veins

Question 35

what is the path of the deep veins of the foot

Answer 35

accompany arteries and drain into the anterior and posterior tibial and fibular veins

Question 36

what do the tibial and fibular veins join to make

Answer 36

popliteal vein

Question 37

why do the deep veins in the foot not have names

Answer 37

as often small groups of veins accompanying the arteries rather than substantial single named vessels

Question 38

what is the motor nerve supply to the muscles of the soles of the feet

Answer 38

tibial nerve

Question 39

what is the motor supply to the muscles of the dorsum

Answer 39

deep fibular nerve

Question 40

what is the sensory nerve supply to the dorsum of the foot

Answer 40

mainly superficial fibular nerve

deep fibular nerve supplying the first interdigital cleft

sural nerve supplies the proximal lateral border

sapheonus nerve supplying the proximal medial border

Question 41

what is the sensory nerve supply the plantar surface of the foot

Answer 41

mainly tibial to the nerve to the heel and majority of the sole (medial and lateral plantar nerves)

sural nerve supplies the proximal medial border

Question 42

what is the path of the lymphatics of the foot

Answer 42

vessel accompany the great and small saphenous veins