Anatomy- Feet Flashcards
what is the subtalar joint
between the talus and the calcaneus
name the two midtarsal joints
calcaneocuboid
talocalcaneonavicular
what type of joints are the subtalar and midtarsal joints
synovial
what movements happen at the subtalar and midtarsal joints and what produces these movements
inversion- produced by tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior + tibial and deep fibular nerves
eversion- produced by the fibularis muscles/ both fibular nerves
where is the tarsometatarsal joint
between the cuneiforms/ cuboid proximally and the metatarsals
where is the metarsophalangeal joints
between the metatarsals and the proximal phalanges
what type of joints are the tarsometatarsals and the MTPs
synoival
what movements do the tarsometatarsal and MTP joints allow
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, cirumduction of the digits (toes)
what type of joints are the interphalangeal joints
synovial hinge joints
what movements do the interphalangeal joints allow
flexion and extension
what is the function of the arches of the foot
provide shock absorption, ‘push off’ spring function and increased weight bearing capacity by weight distribution across the whole foot
what supports the arches of the foot
the plantar aponeurosis and the plantar ligaments
what is the plantar aponeurosis
thickened central area of the plantar fascia- the deep fascia of the foot
what is another role of the plantar aponeurosis
protects against puncture wounds
what bones male up the medial longitudinal arch of the foot
calcaneus, talus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms and metatarsals 1-3
(the bones of the medial aspect of the foot)
what supports the medial longitudinal arch of the foot
flexor hallucis longus
the attachment of the tibialis anterior (to the junction between the medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal)
the attachment of the fibularis longus (tendon passes across the plantar aspect of the bones of the foot from lateral to medial to attach to the medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal)
what forms the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot
calcaneus, cuboid and metatarsals 4 &5
usually weight bearing on standing
what makes up the transverse arch of the foot
cuboid, cuneiforms, bases of all five metatarsals
what supports the transverse arch
fibularis longus and tibialis posterior
where do the intrinsic muscle of the foot attach proximally and distally
both within the foot
where are the intrinsic muscle of the foot generally located
in compartments within the sole
how are the intrinisc muscles arranged
in 3 layers or between the metararsals (7 interossei)
what is the main role of the sole/ interosseous muscles of the foot
sole- flexion of the toes
inerossei- adduction/abduction of the toes
what is the role of the 2 dorsal muscles of the foot
short extensors of the toes
what are the arteries of the foot
dorsalis pedis
medial and lateral plantar arteries
what is dorsalis pedis a branch of
anterior tibial artery
where is the dorsalis pedis pulse taken
lateral to the extensor hallucis longus tendon
what do branches of the doralis pedis artery give
arcuate artery on the dorsum of the foot
what are the medial and lateral plantar arteries branches of
posterior tibial artery
what do the medial and lateral plantar arteries contribute to
deep plantar arch
what do the metatarsal arteries arise from
deep planter arch and the arcuate artery
what does the arcuate artery branch into
digital arteries
how many digital arteries per toe
4 (as in hand)
what are the superficial veins of the foot and what do they give rise
dorsal venous arch
gives rise to great (medially) and small (laterally) saphenous veins
what is the path of the deep veins of the foot
accompany arteries and drain into the anterior and posterior tibial and fibular veins
what do the tibial and fibular veins join to make
popliteal vein
why do the deep veins in the foot not have names
as often small groups of veins accompanying the arteries rather than substantial single named vessels
what is the motor nerve supply to the muscles of the soles of the feet
tibial nerve
what is the motor supply to the muscles of the dorsum
deep fibular nerve
what is the sensory nerve supply to the dorsum of the foot
mainly superficial fibular nerve
deep fibular nerve supplying the first interdigital cleft
sural nerve supplies the proximal lateral border
sapheonus nerve supplying the proximal medial border
what is the sensory nerve supply the plantar surface of the foot
mainly tibial to the nerve to the heel and majority of the sole (medial and lateral plantar nerves)
sural nerve supplies the proximal medial border
what is the path of the lymphatics of the foot
vessel accompany the great and small saphenous veins
