.Multifactorial inheritance, mitochondrial inheritance, triplet repeat disorders

Question 1

Multifactoral inheritance

Answer 1

Traits determined by genotype + environmental factors
diabetes, obesity –qualitative traits (not measurable)
quantitative traits- height, blood pressure (measurable)

Question 2

Mitochondrial inheritance

Answer 2

each mitochondrion have 5-10 copies of mtDNA.
oocyte development + multiply via clonal mitochondrial expansion. mitochondria
DO NOT divide.
distribution present in a zygote.

mitochondria inherited from mother only =matrilineal inheritance.
sperm mitochondria are ubiquitinated (marked for degradation).
oocyte may contain mixture of mitochondria: normal mitochondria + mitochondria
w. mutation in mtDNA

Question 3

Triplet repeat disorders

Answer 3

set of genetic disorders caused by trinucleotide repeat expansion, a kind of
mutation where trinucleotide repeats in certain genes exceed normal threshold.
Sometimes classed as insertion mutation + therefore, repeats that are not
multiples of three could cause frameshift mutations.