Apoptosis, necrosis

Question 1

What is apoptosis?

Answer 1

-Is an active process of 
cellular self-destruction
-Important for embryonic 
development + maintains 
homeostasis.

Question 2

What is necrosis?

Answer 2

Passive cell death

Question 3

What is apoptosis caused by?

Answer 3

transcription factors

Question 4

What is necrosis caused by?

Answer 4

Factors ext. to cell such as

infection, toxins, trauma

Question 5

Morphological factors of apoptosis?

Answer 5

1.Chromatin condensation
2.Cell shrinkage + rounding
3.Organelles appear tightly
packed
4.Intact mitochondria, intact
lysosomes
5.Formation of apoptotic
bodies
6.Occurs in individual cells
7.No inflammation

Question 6

Morphological factors of necrosis?

Answer 6

1.Cell swelling
2.Nuclear swelling
3.Disruption of subcellular
substances
4.Damage of cell membrane
5.Occurs in Groups of cells
6.Inflammation

Question 7

Biochem factors of apoptosis?

Answer 7

1.ATP is used
2.caspase activation
3.DNA fragmentation
4.protein cleavage
5.lysosmal proteases are
not involved in the process

Question 8

Biochem factors of necrosis?

Answer 8

1. ATP not needed
2. DNA not fragmented
3. Massive proteolysis

Question 9

Proteins involved in apoptosis?

Answer 9

p53- stimulates apoptosis
-Mutated form cell survives
which is present in many
malignant cells.

bcl-2- inhibits apoptosis
Cancer cells show high
levels of anti-apoptotic
proteins.