Modules 51-53 Flashcards
mood:climate as – is to weather
affect
Person experiences two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.
major depressive disorder
Person experiences mildly depressed mood more often than not for at least two years, alongwith at
least two other symptoms.
persistent depressive disorder
Person experiences not only depression but also mania— impulsive behavior.
bipolar disorder
loss of interest or pleasure
anhedonia
– change with depression
behaviors and thoughts
T/F: depression is widespread
true
Women’s risk of major depression is nearly – men’s
double
T/F: Most major depressive episodes end on their own.
true
With each new generation, depression is striking – in life and affecting more people.
earlier
depression in – are likely to be irritable and angry
men
Brain activity – during depression
slows
left frontal lobe is – during depression
less active
depressed brain has less norepinephrine and –
serotonin
risk increases if – has disorders
family members
Twin studies data estimated heritability of major depression at – percent
37
Linkage analysis points to –
“chromosome neighborhood”
Many – work together and produce interacting small effects that increase risk for depression
genes
from most to least heritability of disorders
bipolar, schizophrenia, anorexia, major depressive, generalized anxiety
Psychological and social influences: Social- cognitive perspective
depressed people view self and world –
negatively
– may exist with self-defeating beliefs, self-focused rumination, and self-blaming and pessimistic explanatory style
Learned helplessness
Explores how people’s assumptions and expectations
influence their perceptions
social-cognitive perspective
Views depression as an ongoing – of stressful experiences (interpreted through negative beliefs, attributions, and memories) leading to negative moods and actions and fueling new stressful experiences
cycle
Involves 1 million people worldwide; higher risk with
diagnosis of depression but may occur with rebound
suicide
suicide is more likely to occur when people feel – from or burden to others
disconnected
Includes cutting, burning, hitting oneself, pulling out hair, inserting objects under nails or skin, self- administered tattooing
nonsuicidal self-injury
– percent of college students have suicidal thoughts
30%
suicide is the – leading cause of deaths
3rd
– is the leading factors for suicidal
depression
Psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression
schizophrenia
- Disturbed perceptions
- Disorganized thinking and speech
- Diminished and inappropriate emotions and actions
symptoms of schizophrenia
Form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood
chronic schizophrenia
form of psychosis that can begin at any age; frequently occurs in response to an emotionally traumatic event
brief psychotic disorder
schizophrenia: excess number of – receptors
dopamine
schizophrenia: abnormal brain activity and –
anatomy
schizophrenia: problems with several brain regions and their –
interconnections
schizophrenia: – activity in the frontal lobes
low
schizophrenia: more rapid –
tissue loss
odds of being diagnosed with schizophrenia are – in 100
1
odds of being diagnosed with schizophrenia are 1 in – for those with diagnosed family member
10
odds of being diagnosed with schizophrenia: adopted children’s risk is related to – parent
biological
schizophrenia is influenced by – genes
many
schizophrenia: – influence gene expression
epigenetic factors
prenatal environment and risk for schizophrenia: – birth weight
low
prenatal environment and risk for schizophrenia: lack of – during delivery
oxygen
prenatal environment and risk for schizophrenia: maternal prenatal –
nutrition
prenatal environment and risk for schizophrenia: mid pregnancy –
viral infection
disruptive, inflexible, and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning; forms three clusters, characterized by anxiety, eccentric or odd behaviors, and dramatic or impulsive behaviors
personality disorder
lack of conscience for wrongdoing; impulsive, fearless
antisocial personality disorder
person maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight
anorexia nervosa
person alternates binge eating with purging, fasting, or excessive exercise
bulimia nervosa
heritability rates: bipolar disorder
85%
heritability rates: schizophrenia
80%
heritability rates: anorexia nervosa
60%
heritability rates: major depressive disorder
35%
heritability rates: generalized anxiety disorder
28%
