Module 44-45 Flashcards
Is an unjustified negative
attitude toward some group and its members
prejudice
Explicit prejudice in North America has – over time.
decreased
social roots of prejudice
social inequalities, just-world phenomenon, and stereotypes
Good is rewarded and evil is punished.
just-world phenomenon
stereotypes – inequalities
rationalize
– prepares people to identify with a group.
Evolution
Social definition of who we are—and are not
ingroup
favoring of our own group
ingroup bias
negative attitude
prejudice
negative behavior
discrimination
Proposes that when things go wrong, finding someone to blame can provide an outlet for anger
scapegoat theory
- Evidence from animal studies and twin studies; genetic Y chromosome genetic marker; MAOA gene
- Alcohol associated with aggressive responses to frustration
genetic influence of aggression
Neural systems facilitate or inhibit – when provoked
aggression
Aggression more likely to occur with – lobe damage
frontal
Testosterone linked with irritability, assertiveness, impulsiveness, and low tolerance for frustration; alcohol effect
biochemical influence of aggression
Even people who deny racial prejudice may carry negative associations
implicit prejudice
Frustration creates
anger, which can spark aggression
frustration-aggression principle
Anger triggers include hot temperatures, physical pain, personal insults, foul odors, cigarette smoke, ,
crowding
Media portrayals of violence provide – that children learn to follow.
social scripts
Viewing – contributes to greater aggression toward women.
sexual violence
T/F: Playing violent video games can increase aggressive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in some children.
true
psychology of attraction
• proximity (mere exposure effect)
• Physical attractiveness
•
Similarity of attitudes and interests
Passionate love: Two-factor theory of –
emotion
Emotions have two ingredients—.
physical arousal and cognitive appraisal
Sexual desire + – = the passion of romantic love
a growing attachment
T/F: Passionate love seldom endures
true
Passion-fed hormones (testosterone) give way to oxytocin that supports feelings of trust, calmness, and bonding
companionate love
in companionate love, attraction and sexual desire endure, without – of early-stage
obsession
– is important key to satisfying and enduring relationship
Equity
– deepens intimacy
Self-disclosure
is an unselfish concern for the welfare of others.
altruism
Tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to
give aid if other bystanders are present
bystander effect
bystander effect occurs when there is a – of responsibility
diffusion
– encourage generosity and enable group living.
Positive social norms
Social expectation that prescribes how we should behave
socialization norm
Expectation that people will respond favorably to each other by returning benefits for benefit (cost-benefit analysis; utilitarianism; social exchange theory)
reciprocity norm
Expectation that people should help those who depend on them
social-responsibility norm
