Module 44-45

Question 1

Is an unjustified negative

attitude toward some group and its members

Answer 1

prejudice

Question 2

Explicit prejudice in North America has – over time.

Answer 2

decreased

Question 3

social roots of prejudice

Answer 3

social inequalities, just-world phenomenon, and stereotypes

Question 4

Good is rewarded and evil is punished.

Answer 4

just-world phenomenon

Question 5

stereotypes – inequalities

Answer 5

rationalize

Question 6

– prepares people to identify with a group.

Answer 6

Evolution

Question 7

Social definition of who we are—and are not

Answer 7

ingroup

Question 8

favoring of our own group

Answer 8

ingroup bias

Question 9

negative attitude

Answer 9

prejudice

Question 10

negative behavior

Answer 10

discrimination

Question 11

Proposes that when things go wrong, finding someone to blame can provide an outlet for anger

Answer 11

scapegoat theory

Question 12

• Evidence from animal studies and twin studies; genetic Y chromosome genetic marker; MAOA gene
• Alcohol associated with aggressive responses to frustration

Answer 12

genetic influence of aggression

Question 13

Neural systems facilitate or inhibit – when provoked

Answer 13

aggression

Question 14

Aggression more likely to occur with – lobe damage

Answer 14

frontal

Question 15

Testosterone linked with irritability, assertiveness, impulsiveness, and low tolerance for frustration; alcohol effect

Answer 15

biochemical influence of aggression

Question 16

Even people who deny racial prejudice may carry negative associations

Answer 16

implicit prejudice

Question 17

Frustration creates

anger, which can spark aggression

Answer 17

frustration-aggression principle

Question 18

Anger triggers include hot temperatures, physical pain, personal insults, foul odors, cigarette smoke, ,

Answer 18

crowding

Question 19

Media portrayals of violence provide – that children learn to follow.

Answer 19

social scripts

Question 20

Viewing – contributes to greater aggression toward women.

Answer 20

sexual violence

Question 21

T/F: Playing violent video games can increase aggressive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in some children.

Answer 21

true

Question 22

psychology of attraction
• proximity (mere exposure effect)
• Physical attractiveness
•

Answer 22

Similarity of attitudes and interests

Question 23

Passionate love: Two-factor theory of –

Answer 23

emotion

Question 24

Emotions have two ingredients—.

Answer 24

physical arousal and cognitive appraisal

Question 25

Sexual desire + – = the passion of romantic love

Answer 25

a growing attachment

Question 26

T/F: Passionate love seldom endures

Answer 26

true

Question 27

Passion-fed hormones (testosterone) give way to oxytocin that supports feelings of trust, calmness, and bonding

Answer 27

companionate love

Question 28

in companionate love, attraction and sexual desire endure, without – of early-stage

Answer 28

obsession

Question 29

– is important key to satisfying and enduring relationship

Answer 29

Equity

Question 30

– deepens intimacy

Answer 30

Self-disclosure

Question 31

is an unselfish concern for the welfare of others.

Answer 31

altruism

Question 32

Tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to

give aid if other bystanders are present

Answer 32

bystander effect

Question 33

bystander effect occurs when there is a – of responsibility

Answer 33

diffusion

Question 34

– encourage generosity and enable group living.

Answer 34

Positive social norms

Question 35

Social expectation that prescribes how we should behave

Answer 35

socialization norm

Question 36

Expectation that people will respond favorably to each other by returning benefits for benefit (cost-benefit analysis; utilitarianism; social exchange theory)

Answer 36

reciprocity norm

Question 37

Expectation that people should help those who depend on them

Answer 37

social-responsibility norm