Module 23 Flashcards
Garcia and Koelling’s taste-aversion research
Limits on classical conditioning
Animals and humans seem – prepared to learn some associations rather than others
biologically
Conditioning is stronger when the conditioned stimulus is – relevant
ecologically
Genetic predisposition to associate CS with a US that follows predictably and immediately is –
adaptive
Nature limits species’ capacity for –
operant
conditioning
– predispose organisms to learn associations that are naturally adaptive
Biological constraints
– occurs as animals revert to biologically predisposed patterns
Instinctive drift
Mental information that guides behavior is acquired through –
cognitive learning.
Animal learning of predictability of event
(Rescorla and Wagner, 1972)
British children conditioning of ice-cream associated characters
(Field, 2006)
discounted importance of cognition
Skinner
§ Animal response on fixed-interval reinforcement
schedule
§ Development of cognitive map in rats (latent learning)
§ Destruction of intrinsic motivation by excessive rewards
evidence of cognitive processes
Higher animals learn without direct experience by
watching and imitating others
observational learning
pioneer researcher of observational learning
Bandura
Bobo doll experiment dealt with – reinforcement and punishment
vicarious